體適能導入社區關懷據點對高齡者身心健康影響之探討

A Study on the Influence of Physical Fitness into Community Care Center on Physical and Mental Health of Elderly

馬振來(Chen-Lai Ma) ； 郭俊巖(Chun-Yen Kuo) ； 呂季芳(Lu Chi-Fang)

《社會發展研究學刊》 20期 (2017/09) Pp. 1-38

https://doi.org/10.6687/JSDS.2017.20.1

摘要

1986年世界衛生組織提出健康促進的觀念，而老年人健康促進是社區關懷據點的主要功能之一，只是目前社區關懷據點的健康促進活動仍存在諸多問題，需要更多專業的服務方案導入，其中體適能運動方案的導入，被視為社區關懷據點嶄新的健康促進活動方式。依此，本研究的目的，包括：其一是探究社區關懷據點發展老年人健康促進的現況與限制，以及導入體適能活動的可能性；其二是探討體適能運動介入班導入社區照顧關懷據點，對促進老年人健康的情形。至於研究方法包含：一、利用次級資料及文獻回顧方法，對社區關懷據點發展老年人健康促進的問題加以探討；二、實驗研究：依立意抽樣方式和採量化橫斷方式對社區老年人（梧棲區南簡里社區關懷據點）進行單一組實驗，並進行前測和後測方式，導入體適能運動介入班課程，並實施功能性體適能檢測前測和後測的成效檢視。體適能相關項目和生理健康狀況實施前測和後測，兩者結果進行統計檢定和差異比較。研究結果顯示，一、社區關懷據點的健康促進活動存在諸多問題與缺點，體適能運動介入班的導入，作為革新的健康促進活動方式，能提升社區老年人的健康；二、功能性體適能檢測前後測的結果，有統計上的差異，發現老年人的下肢肌力平衡力和動態平衡與敏捷度有所進步。另在自覺健康狀態、血壓和心跳，身體質量指數（BMI）以及腰臂圍方面，亦有所進步。最後研究建議，體適能運動介入班的課程對社區老年人是有顯著的健康促進作用。這種由醫院和社區關懷據點合作的體適能運動介入班，可視為學者和2025年衛生福利政策白皮書中所鼓吹的衛政和社政整合的典範例子，這種嶄新而且有成效的健康促進模式，可進一步推廣至其他社區照顧關懷據點，使老年人體能狀況改善和生活品質的提升，對老化過程有滿足感和幸福感。

關鍵字

社區關懷據點 ； 健康促進 ； 體適能運動介入班

並列摘要

In 1986 the World Health Organization raised the concept of health promotion, and health promotion of elderly is one of the functions of community care station.Scholars have found that there are many problems and shortcomings in health promotion activities of community care station.Whether physical fitness intervention class is a new way of health promotion activity of community care station remains to be studied. Purposes: 1. The purpose of this study is to analyze the development of the elderly health promotion status and difficulties of physical fitness intervention in community caring concern center. 2. To investigate the health promotion effects of elderly after the introduction of physical fitness intervention class into community care station. Methods: 1. To explore the issues about the development of health promotion for the elderly of community care station by using secondary data and literature review methods. 2. Experimental Study: A single group experiment was conducted on the Nan-Jen village community care station and pre-test and post-test were carried out according to the sampling and quantitative cross-sectional methods.The pre-test and post-test of functional physical fitness test were carried out after the introduction of physical fitness intervention class into community caring concern center.The pre-test and post-test were also carried out on physical fitness-related items and physical health status and the results were compared. Results: 1. There are many problems and shortcomings in the health promotion activities of community care station. The introduction of physical fitness intervention classes can improve the health of the elderly in the community as an innovative way of health promotion activities. 2. By the results of pre-test and post-test of functional physical fitness test,the improvement of the elderly lower limb muscle strength balance and dynamic balance and agility was noted.There were also found that improvement in conscious health, blood pressure and heart rate, body mass index （BMI） and waist hip circumference too. Conclusion ＆ Suggestion: The courses of physical fitness intervention class in the community for the elderly are a significant role in promoting health. This physical fitness intervention class, organized by hospitals and community care station, can be considered as a model example of the integration of health service and welfare service that advocated by scholars and the 2025 Health and Welfare Policy White Paper. This is a new and effective model of health promotion that can be further extended to other community care station in order to improve the physical condition of the elderly and the quality of life, and to have satisfaction and happiness in the aging process.

並列關鍵字

Community Care Station ； health promotion ； physical fitness intervention classes

參考文獻

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