醫院志願服務者人格特質與組織承諾之關係研究

The Relationship between Personality Traits and Organizational Commitment of Hospital Volunteers

蕭伊珊(Yi-Shan Hsiao) ； 林哲瑩(Che-Ying Lin) ； 周翰維(Han-Wei Chou) ； 鄭晏甄(Joyce Yen-Chen Cheng)

《社會發展研究學刊》 23期 (2019/03) Pp. 137-159

https://doi.org/10.6687/JSDS.201903_(23).0005

摘要

志工已是醫療院所不可或缺的關鍵人力，然而醫療院所同時也面臨志工培訓不易、流動率高、在意福利多寡、不滿醫院規範、以及抱怨運用管理單位等難題。因此，如何招募、甄選、考核、與留任，和醫院適配的志工，已經是醫療院所在志願服務管理上必須克服的重要課題。研究目的：本研究之主要目的在於探究影響醫院志工的組織承諾之關鍵因素，以作為醫院志工管理單位在志工招募與管理時之參考。研究方法：本研究採用問卷調查法，來探討醫院志工的人口統計變項、人格特質對組織承諾之影響。本研究收集到台中某醫學中心211位志工的有效問卷。資料分析方法為次數分配、百分比、平均數、標準差、單因子變異數分析、典型相關分析、和多元迴歸分析。研究發現：本研究發現志工具有嚴謹型高分特性和外向型高分特性，但神經質低分特性，組織承諾程度顯著較高；但志工教育程度愈高，組織承諾程度卻愈低。建議：醫院管理單位在志工甄選時可優先選用具嚴謹型及外向型高分特性、神經質低分特性的人選，醫院管理單位對於具高教育程度的志工，應採雙向溝通方式，並適時滿足其從事志願服務時之需求，以提高組織承諾。

關鍵字

醫院志工 ； 人格特質 ； 組織承諾

並列摘要

Volunteer workers are indispensable key personnel in the hospital. However, the challenges for recruiting hospital volunteers are the difficulties in work training, high turnover rate, unsatisfaction in employee benefit distribution, unwillingness for following hospital standards, and complaint about hospital. Therefore, how to recruit, select, assess and retain appropriate volunteers for hospital work is an important issue for hospital volunteer service management. The key aim of this study is to explore the key factors which influence the organizational commitment of hospital volunteers, in order to assist the hospital to recruit and manage the volunteers. This study conducts questionnaires to explore demographic variables of hospital volunteers and to investigate the influence of personality traits on organizational commitment. 211 effective questionnaires were collected from hospital volunteers in one of the medical centers in Taichung. The data were analyzed by statistic methods, including Frequency, Percentage, Mean, Standard deviation, One-Way ANOVA, Canonical Correlation Analysis, and Multiple Regression Analysis. The finding is that hospital volunteers who score high in conscientiousness and extraversion but low in neuroticism demonstrate higher level in organizational commitment. However, the higher the educational level of the hospital volunteers, the lower the organizational commitment. Therefore, conscientious, extraverted but non-neurotic personnel are priority choice when selecting hospital volunteers. When people with higher level of education are recruited, bilateral communication should be applied in order to elevate workers' organizational commitment at the same time fulfill their satisfaction for volunteer work.

並列關鍵字

Hospital volunteer ； personality traits ； organizational commitment

參考文獻

王秀美、李長燦(2011)。大人格特質量表中文版之信效度研究。美和科技大學報，第 5期，頁 1-13。

李天賞、杜金璋(1991)。組織承諾的概念與測量。交大管理學報，第 1 卷第 11 期，頁51-74。

吳秉恩(1993)。組織行為學。台北：華泰文化事業有限公司。

呂昭賢(2002)。對我國志願服務法的若干反思與建議。台大社會工作學刊，第 7 期，頁203-241。

林財丁、林瑞發(2007)。組織行為(七版)。台北：滄海。