內生型與外衍型中介組織網絡連結之比較研究—從社區照顧與社會資本建構觀點

伴隨台灣人口老化加劇，鄉村照顧議題是社區發展面臨的問題。嘉義縣老人人口的比例連續10多年居台灣第一，嘉義縣為應對老齡化在社區照顧方面的實踐很值得探討，能為其他縣市的組織提供參考意義。研究目的欲思考內生型和外衍型中介組織在社區照顧中組織網絡連結的應用，以期為不同層次組織提供政策建議和參考。本研究採用質性研究法，以嘉義縣新港鄉和大林鎮兩個超高齡社區作為研究範圍，透過培力樹探討內生型和外衍型中介組織在社區照顧中組織網絡連結應用。研究結論：1.內生型和外衍型中介組織回應社區政策，連結公部門資源，建立社區照顧據點有不同動態過程：內生型中介組織路徑為社區—內生型中介組織（扶緣服務協會）—公部門;外衍型中介組織路徑有兩種：外衍型中介組織（弘道老人福利基金會）—社區—公部門；公部門—外衍型中介組織（雙福基金會）—社區。2.內生型和外衍型中介組織開展社區照顧時，組織網絡連結展現不同型態：內生型中介組織與社區和NPO呈強關係；外衍型中介組織與公部門和社區呈現強關係。3.內生型和外衍型中介組織在網絡連結時，型塑不同類型社會資本: 內生型中介組織培育黏著性和橋接性社會資本；外衍型中介組織培育黏著性和連結性社會資本。從組織大小和服務範圍而言，研究建議為：1.地方性組織依託文化資本，推展社區培力工作，便於社區能承接公部門因應政策推展的方案。2.地區性組織依託公部門的標案，並進行社區培力，推動社區照顧。3.區域性組織依託完善的組織架構和專業能力，加大社區培力的力度和廣度。

關鍵字

內生型；外衍型；中介組織；組織網絡；社會資本

並列摘要

With the aggravation of population aging in Taiwan, rural care is posing a problem for community development. The proportion of the elderly population in Chiayi County has ranked first in Taiwan for the past ten successive years. The practice of community care in Chiayi County is worth exploring, and provides useful experience for organizations in other counties. The purpose of this study is to reflect on the application of endogenous and exogenous intermediate organizations in the organizational network connection of community care, so as to provide policy suggestions and references for different levels of organizations. This study adopts the qualitative research method and explores the organizational network of endogenous and exogenous intermediate organizations in community care via empowerment tree with two-super aged communities in Singang Township and Dalin Town of Chiayi County as the research scope. The findings of this study are as follows: 1. There are different dynamic processes for endogenous and exogenous intermediate organizations to respond to community policies, link public sector's resources, and establish community care bases: the path of endogenous intermediate organizations is from the community to the endogenous intermediate organization (Fuyun Service Association) to the government, while there are two paths for exogenous intermediate organizations: one is from the exogenous intermediate organization (Hondao Senior Citizen's Welfare Foundation) to the community to the government and the other path is from the government to the exogenous intermediate organization (Double Bliss Welfare and Charity Foundation), and to the community. 2. When the endogenous and exogenous intermediate organizations carry out community care, the organizational network connection shows different patterns: the endogenous intermediate organizations have strong relationship with the community and NPOs while the exogenous intermediate organizations have strong relationship with the government and the community. 3. The endogenous and exogenous intermediate organizations shape different types of social capitals in their network connection: the endogenous intermediate organizations cultivate bonding and bridging social capital while the exogenous intermediate organizations cultivate bonding and linking social capital. In terms of organization size and service scope, this study puts forward the following three suggestions: 1. Local organizations should rely on cultural capital to promote community empowerment so that the community can undertake the public sector’s policy promotion programs. 2. County organizations should rely on the public sector’s projects, and carry out community empowerment to promote community care. 3. Regional organizations should rely on sound organizational structure and professional ability to enhance the strength and breadth of community empowerment.

並列關鍵字

Endogenous ； Exogenous ； Intermediate Organizations ； Organizational Network ； Social Capital

參考文獻

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內生型與外衍型中介組織網絡連結之比較研究—從社區照顧與社會資本建構觀點

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