區公所培力社區的創新方案及其成效之研究：以高雄市“協力各區開啓社區願景實施及續力計畫”爲例

Performance Research on Community Empowerment Innovation Programs: The Case of 'Community-Based Vision be in Partnership with District Office of Kaohsiung City Plan'

吳明儒(Ming-Ju Wu) ； 王仕圖(Shu-Twu Wang)

《人文社會科學研究》 3卷2期 (2009/06) Pp. 113-132

https://doi.org/10.6284/NPUSTHSSR.2009.3(2)6

摘要

隨著社區主義觀念的逐漸普及、社區組織快速發展，台灣目前已成立將近6402個社區發展協會（內政部，2008:1)，但是由於社區組織缺乏培力(empowerment)，以致於許多組織無法有效的推動符合在地需求與公共利益的相關服務方案，而亟待公部門的介入與輔導。政府強調「社區主義」政策下，未來如何培力社區成為具有主體性及自主性的人民自發單位，即成為重要的議題。
本研究以高雄市社會局以區公所為培力平台的社區願景輔導及提案計畫，包括（協力各區開啓社區願景實施計畫［社區協力願景計畫］，2005）以及（協力各區開啓社區願景續力計畫［社區協力願景續力計畫］，2006）。本研究進行成效評估(outcome evaluation)，研究對象包括四方面：市政府社會局一級主管（該計畫的督導）、區公所承辦社區業務人員、參加社區培力計畫之社區幹部以及專業培力團隊人員，研究方法以自行擬定之訪談大綱透過深度訪談及焦點團體的方式進行資料收集。本研究之發現包括以下幾點：一、整體而言，高雄市所推動的社區願景計畫，從培力(empowerment)及能力(capability)兩個層面對於社區的影響都具有正面的價值，符合Akkerman, Hajer and Grin(2004)所謂「積極政府(active state)」的理念。二、該計畫對於區公所中介角色及專業團隊輔導角色也符合Gittell and Vidal(1998)對於美國CDC推動過程中所強調的社區中介組織(intermediate organization)的重要性。三、經過培力計畫之社區提案數明顯的增加，從2005年的19件增加為2006年的27件，增幅達50%。四、以區公所作為培力社區的前哨站，受到公所組織行政人力不足及專業能力不足的因素影響而產生較多被動配合的情況。五、專業培力團隊透過區公所輔導社區培力計畫受到社會局、區公所及培力社區的高度肯定。六、區公所雖然傾向被動配合，但是由於與社區的互動增加，培力社區對於區公所的支持度反而較高。因為區公所的角色與社區的關係較之縣市政府更為直接而密切，大多社區協會認為區公所在資源的分享上扮演重要的中介組織角色，扮演一個橋樑資本(bridging capital)的角色，連結市政府與社區協會，所以區公所因為計畫的執行而與社區協會間有密切的互動。

關鍵字

社區培力 ； 成效評估 ； 社區協力 ； 中介組織

並列摘要

Under the policy of emphasizing ”communitarianism” by the government, how to empower communities to become autonomous voluntary organization has become an important issue. With the popularization of the communitarianism concept and the rapid development of community organizations, almost 6150 community development associations has been established in Taiwan so far. However, due to the lack of empowerment of community associations, numerous organizations can not effectively carry out service programs to meet local needs and public profit. Therefore, they earnestly need public sectors to step in and provide counsel.
This research focuses on community-based vision counsel and proposal plans based on district administration by Social Affairs Bureau of Kaohsiung City Government. It concludes ”2005 community vision initiating plan” and ”2006 community vision keep going plan”. This research conducted outcome evaluation toward the plans carried out by Kaohsiung City Government. The research objects includes 4 aspects: deans of department of social affairs of city government (supervisors of the plan), district administration staffs in charge of communities, a cadre of community attending community empowerment plan, and professional empowerment team crew. The research methods are in-depth interviews and focus group interviews with outlines drew up on one's own to collect data. The plan is still proceeding. The discoveries of this research are as follows: 1.As a whole, from the two dimensions: empowerment and capability, the community-based vision plan carried out by Kaohsiung City has positive influence toward communities, which meets the ideal of active state by Akkerman, T. et al.(2004). 2. The intermediate roles and professional team counseling roles of district administration from the plan also meet the importance of the intermediate organization emphasized by Gittell and Avis (1998) from the process of U.S CDC. 3. The number of community proposals has increased obviously through the empowerment plans. It raised from 19 cases in 2005 to 27 cases in 2006, which increased 50%. 4. The forerunners of the district administrations lack of administrators and professional proficiency. Thus, they mostly passively cooperate only. 5. Through counseling community empowerment plan, professional empowerment team received highly praise from Social Affairs Bureau, district administrations, and communities. 6. Though district administrations tend to cooperate passively, communities have higher support for the district administrations for the arisen interaction between them. District administration toward communities plays a more direct and intensive role than city and county governments. Most community associations conceive district administration as an important intermediate organization, which plays a bridging capital role, connecting city government and community associations. Due to the execution of the plan, district administration has intensive interaction with community associations.

並列關鍵字

community empowerment ； outcome evaluation ； community partnership ； intermediate organization

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