職業訓練下的轉銜風險探討：以台中市芳療整體保養職業工會為例

職訓政策如何形塑了失業者的參訓動機，並對其在勞動市場的進出產生影響，是本文關注的焦點。本文以勞動市場轉銜理論為基礎，蒐集台中市芳療整體保養職業工會職前班之學員勞保投保資料，以及利害關係人訪談稿，試圖瞭解參訓學員從職訓到重回職場前可能遭遇的轉銜風險。透過參訓個案之相關投保紀錄與訪談資料的對照與詮釋，研究發現在選擇自由與協商空間的落實上，短期失業者的選擇自由受工作與家庭照顧兼顧影響，缺乏家庭成員共同分擔照顧責任，難以自由轉換角色；長期失業者則容易面臨職場就業經歷的中斷，以及與雇主協商機會和權力的流失。二在所得保障方面，短期失業者以兼職方式、長期失業者以創業模式，來因應家戶所得不足的問題，但在所得獲取上卻難以達成轉銜的目標。三在人力資本的維繫方面，短期失業者可能面臨就業技能延續的問題；長期失業者則除了該問題外，更需在意其背後非技術層面所能控制的因素。上述三面向的分析，除促使我們反思長短期失業者在就業、失業轉銜過程中的相關政策支持外，亦就勞動市場轉銜理論提出反思。

關鍵字

勞動市場轉銜理論；人力資本；所得保障；選擇自由；職業訓練

並列摘要

How did the vocational training policy formulate the motivation to participate for the unemployed? What was the effect for their labor market entry and exit? This article has used two datasets, interviewees' labour insurance salary information and stakeholder's interview records, to understand the labour market transitional risk of Pre-service training students at Taichung Holistic Aromatherapist Professional Union based on the Schmid's labour market transition theory. Through the analysis of the two datasets, we have concluded three findings: First, on the dimension of choice freedom and bargaining space, we found short-term unemployed trainees were not easy to make free transition between employment and family care because of the sacrificing for sharing care responsibility with family members; long-term unemployed trainees would face the situation of career's interruption and the loss of bargaining power and opportunity with employers. Second, on the dimension of income security, we found part time patten for the short term unemployed trainees and self-employed for the long term unemployed trainees could not overcome the problem of insufficient household income. Third, on the maintenance of human capital accumulation, there were continuing problems of professional skill for the short term unemployed trainees and social context factors like aged for the long term unemployed trainees. Through the three dimensions analysis, we reconsider the related support policies for the unemployed and labour market transition theory.