從當代社區的變異初探社區工作者角色

A Preliminary Investigation on the Roles of Community Workers from the Perspective of Variation of Contemporary Community

林明禛(Ming-Chen Lin)

《台灣社區工作與社區研究學刊》 3卷1期 (2013/04) Pp. 99-126

摘要

社區組織工作專業之發展較個案工作、團體工作晚，才被確認為社會工作的一種干預方法。隨著時空及環境背景變化，國內社會工作者在社區工作操作場域的角色逐漸式微。除了外在社區形式的變異，也有來自社會工作專業發展的偏移。回顧1968年J. Rothman社區工作典範分類「地方發展」、「社會計畫」、「社會行動」三大模式以來，西方國家採用社區概念較為寬廣，工作者角色顯得綜融與多元。反觀台灣的社區工作者則相對狹隘，也在形式變異明顯的當代社區中，逐漸褪去社會工作者的專業光澤。首先，在強調「促成者」角色的「地方發展」模式中，被崛起的許多自稱社區的專家和社區營造者奪走光彩；在宣稱「專家者」角色的「社會計畫」模式，無能顯現分析社區問題、主導運作科層組織的專業才能，只能淪為事件善後的陪襯角色。最後，標舉關注弱勢與質疑社會制度不公，擔任「倡導者」、「行動者」角色的「社會行動」模式，在面對公部門的民營化與方案委託潮流下，形同被「收編」，甚至被非典型社工的社運者所「解構」。社會工作者延續著助人專業使命及承諾，允採取不同的思維因應；避免專業職能停滯和專業角色的消失。本文試著援用Rothman社區工作典範模式，回頭探討社會工作專業中的社區工作者，藉由實務專業才能的檢視，反省角色和功能，試著調整並尋回自己專業本位與功能，以保有專業存活機制。

關鍵字

社區變異 ； 社區工作模式 ； 社區工作者角色

並列摘要

The work profession of community-based organizations is recognized as a social work intervention method later than that of casework and group work is because its development is later. With the change of time, space and environmental background, the roles of social workers in Taiwan in the operating field of social work have gradually declined. In addition to the variation of external forms of community, there are also variations in the development of social work profession. According to the review on J. Rothman's classification of social work into three major models, ”local development,” ”social project” and ”social action” in 1968, a broader concept of community is adopted in western countries, and the roles of community workers are more comprehensive and diversified. On the contrary, the roles of community workers in Taiwan are relatively narrow. The halo of profession as social workers has also gradually faded in the contemporary community with a significant variation in forms. First, in the model of ”local development” where the importance is attached to the role as ”facilitators,” the luster of community workers is taken away by many rising self-proclaimed community experts and community builders. Second, in the model of ”social project” where the importance is attached to the role as ”professionals,” community workers are unable to reflect and analyze social issues, lack the professional competence to lead and operate bureaucratic organizations and hence become the supporting role of aftermath. Last, in the model of ”social action” where the importance is attached to the role as ”advocators” and ”actors” paying attention to the disadvantaged groups and questioning the unfairness of social system, community workers seem to be ”incorporated” into specific units under the trend of privatization and outsourcing of public sectors. They are even ”deconstructed” by atypical social workers. Social workers continue the professional mission and commitment to helping people and take a different way of thinking and different responses to avoid the stagnation of professional competence and the disappearance of professional roles. Based on the community work models proposed by Rothman, this study attempts to review the roles and functions of community workers in the profession of social work and adjust and restore their professional standard and function to maintain the mechanism for profession survival by inspecting the practical professional competence,.

並列關鍵字

Vibration of Community ； Community Work Model ； Community Worker