臺南市孔子廟〈臥碑〉書法析論

Wo-bei Calligraphic Form and Explanation of the Confucian Temples in Tainan

陳靜琪(Chin-Chi Chen)

《高雄師大學報：人文與藝術類》 33期 (2012/12) Pp. 105-130

https://doi.org/10.7060/KNUJ-HA.201212.0105

摘要

碑石因其質地堅硬，用以書刻文字，較諸其他媒材，易於保存；因此，自古用以刻治紀事，或昭示當時，或垂留後世。而碑刻書法的內容藉著字體的筆畫筆法、間架、行列布局之表現形式傳達出來，二者相輔相融，形成書法藝術的美感風貌。而廟宇古蹟碑刻書法，不僅是臺灣歷史發展、文化傳揚、先民精神的具體表徵，亦是與古蹟建築合為一體的重要文物之一。明末清初鄭成功渡海來臺，其子鄭經於臺南市興建孔子廟，此乃臺灣首座孔廟，亦是今日一級古蹟。清人領臺時，雖續建多所，而歷任在臺官員對此廟無不重視其興修工作。清人時施行廟學合一，頒佈碑刻〈臥碑〉條文，勒石於各孔廟中，以為儒生進德修業之規範準則。因此，本論文乃以臺南市一級古蹟孔子廟之〈臥碑〉書法為研析對象。文中除前言、結語之外，先就碑刻淵源作一概述。其次，分析其點畫用筆、字體間架、行列布局之表現形式美感，進而闡釋碑刻內容，再藉由書法藝術窺見清人領臺所實施之儒學教育的目的，探討古蹟碑刻書法所含蘊臺灣歷史發展與人文精神之風貌。

關鍵字

臺南市孔子廟 ； 一級古蹟 ； 臥碑 ； 全臺首學 ； 碑刻

並列摘要

Since ancient times, stela carvings have been recorded on the inscriptions for a long time. The tablet, compared with other materials, is easy to reserve owing to its toughness. Therefore, inscriptions of calligraphy are closely bound up with the beautiful lines, style of calligraphy, font structure, morphology, and formation of aesthetic style of calligraphy art. In addition, the calligraphic inscriptions on a stela carvings, are not only the historical development of Taiwan' cultural glory and ancient spirit, but also the incorporation of historical building preservation of the traditional heritage.During the end of Ming dynasty and the early Ching dynasty, Zheng cheng-gong sailed across the sea to Taiwan. His son, Zheng Jing, built the Confucian Temples in Taiwan, which is the first Confucian Temple in Tainan, also the first-class historic spot. Ching people controlled Taiwan, and built lots of the Confucian Temples after then, and the officials of Ching paid much attention to their construction and maintenance. Ching people executed the principle of the temple as the school, then proclaimed stela carvings wo-bei clause, rubbing it on Confucian Temples everywhere, in order to cultivate morality and pursue academic studies. Therefore, this paper explores the wo-bei calligraphic form and the explanation of the Confucian Temples in Tainan. The whole paper, is comprised of, besides the preface and conclusion, the words' lines, styles of calligraphy, structures of the calligraphy, morphology, and formations of aesthetic style of calligraphy art. Above all, we can catch a glimpse of the Confucianists, efforts during the Ching dynasty, and display the humanistic spirit in Taiwan's historical development.

並列關鍵字

Tainan Confucian temples ； The first class historic spot ； wo-bei ； Taiwan first school ； stela Carvings

參考文獻

宋朱熹(1985)。四書章句集注。高雄:復文圖書出版社。

何培夫編(1992)。臺灣地區現存碑碣圖誌─臺南市。臺北:國立中央圖書館臺灣分館。

何培夫編(1992)。臺灣地區現存碑碣圖誌─臺南市。臺北:國立中央圖書館臺灣分館。

亞里斯多得、姚一葦譯註(1982)。詩學箋註。臺北:臺灣中華書局。

祝嘉(1969)。書學。臺北:正中書局。