障礙者生活的想像：照顧與社區生活理念及政策探討

The View on Disabled People's Lives: An Analysis of the Ideas and Policies on Care and Community Living

王育瑜(Yu-Yu Wang)

《聯合勸募論壇》 1期 (2012/03) Pp. 1-24

https://doi.org/10.30082/TUWR.201203.0001

摘要

「台灣沒有去機構化」這句話，越來越常在實務界聽到。「西方談自立生活，不一定適合台灣的障礙者」，也有人這麼說。如果台灣沒有去機構化現象，那麼台灣多年來的障礙者照顧政策，反映的又是什麼現象？如果台灣的障礙者不需要自立生活，那麼我們的政策認為障礙者應該過什麼樣的生活？本文由台灣的脈絡出發，描繪障礙者照顧處境與相關政策情形，探討政策對於障礙者生活的想像與界定。此外，整理西方關於去機構化、正常化、自立生活的論述，進而探討這些概念在台灣的意涵，並對於未來政策走向提出建議。本文建議，政策應對於障礙者生活的想像，有明確且一致的界定，才能避免服務理念無法落實，與不同系統間矛盾與不一致的問題。

關鍵字

照顧 ； 社區生活 ； 去機構化 ； 正常化 ； 自立生活

並列摘要

There is no de-institutionalization in Taiwan'. This sentence is heard more and more often among the practitioners. 'Westerners talk about independent living, but it might not suit Taiwanese disabled persons'. This is another sentence sometimes heard. The question is, then, what does Taiwanese caring policies for disabled persons reveal over the years, if it is not de-institutionalization? If independent living does not suit Taiwanese people, then, how do our policies define the kind of life disabled people should lead? This article starts with the Taiwanese context of the caring situation of and policies for disabled people. We discuss how policies define the style of life of disabled people. We also review literature on de-institutionalization, normalization, Social Role Valorization, as well as independent living. We discuss the implications of these ideas, and propose suggestions on the way forward for our caring policies for disabled people. This article suggests that there should be a clear and coherent policy as to the view on disabled people's lives. Thus, the difficulty of enforcing service principles, and the inconsistency between different service systems, could be reduced.

並列關鍵字

care ； community living ； de-institutionalization ； normalization ； independent living