女性主義觀點下的日常用品設計－以美國二十世紀初消費型態下的女性角色為例

The Design of Articles for Daily Use from the Viewpoint of the Feminism Example: The Female Role in Consuming Status in the Beginning of the 20th century in the United States

李如菁(Ju-Ching Li)

《設計研究》 3期 (2003/07) Pp. 1-10

https://doi.org/10.30178/SJYJ.200307.0001

摘要

本文主要以美國二十世紀初消費型態下的女性角色為例，探討在女性主義觀點下，日常用品的設計如何影響著女性消費者的生活，以及這些日常用品的社會意義。透過對洗衣機、打字機與電話三項產品的探討，可以發現：這些人造物件參與了人們型塑自身成為當代工業社會一部份的過程。因此，當設計師在設計所謂的「女性商品」時，不可忽視的是：許多工作早已有了性別區分，同時，伴隨著特定的工具（商品）以及「女人的工作」這樣的社會文化標籤。從洗衣機、打字機到電話，這些機器不僅是完成工作的工具，同時也具有用以界定男女差異的文化意義。而當設計師在設計過程中，設想了許多女性消費者應該如何如何時，我們可說：設計參與「造就」了所謂的「現代女性」：是故，設計師應該更清明而審慎的觀察、辨識、分析與了解，這個社會加諸於性別上的刻板看法，讓設計的產出，意即物件，能夠真正符合女性自身所需，而非是社會代替女性所決定的所需。

關鍵字

女性主義 ； 設計 ； 物質文化 ； 洗衣機 ； 打字機 ； 電話

並列摘要

The study is taking the example of the female role in consuming status in the beginning of the 20th century in the United States. It analyzes how the design of articles for daily use influences the life of female consumers from the viewpoint of feminism and the social meaning of the articles for daily use. The invention of the washing machine, typewriter and telephone had brought out the fact that the man made object has participated in process of forming itself being part of the industrial societies in the contemporary. As a result, when designer designed the so called female commodities, he/she could not ignore that different types of work have gender differences. Meanwhile, it also accompanies the social cultural label in some particular tools, such as the commodity and female work. The washing machine, typewriter and telephone are not only tools needed to complete a job, but they also have social meaning that defines the difference between male and female. In the process of designing a tool, the designer figures out the demand of the female consumer, this means that the design has achieved the so called modem female. Consequently, designer should practice clear and careful observation, recognition, analysis and understanding. The stiff viewpoint of gender maintained by society has led to designs, i.e. the object, to truly meet the request o f female, not the request decided by the society.

並列關鍵字

Feminism ； Design ； Material Culture ； Washing Machine ； Typewriter ； Telephone