從「虛擬空間」的概念探討歷史性建築之保存

建築藝術在過去一直是表現人對自然、對宇宙認識的重要手段。希臘的神殿、中國的園林，無一不是當時當地自然觀的流露。但是，當這些具有價值與意義的歷史性建築面臨拆除的命運或是遭受天災人禍無法保存時，實不該任其遭受漠視，而是尋求另種形式來保存。到了今天，我們或許可以在「虛擬空間」這一新的公眾領域中尋找合適的建築表達，以及歷史性建築的保存模式。這應該也是臺灣歷史性建築保存可以思考的另種「新的空間」。從二元論的概念出發，「虛擬空間」之於「真實環境」，就如同「精神空間」之於「物質空間」。對於中古世紀的人類而言，在教堂中致力營造出來的天堂景象，就是當時的虛擬世界。在過往，我們共有的虛擬世界是電視連續劇或電影，現在則是網路。若非以斷然的二分法來審視我們所處的環境，「虛擬空間」其實也是存在「真實環境」之中。其實環境中我們創造「虛擬空間」，雖然虛擬具有取代部分真實、而再現真實的強大潛力，但真實從未真正被虛擬所取代。虛擬能取代的只是部分程度性的問題。隨著現今科學發展所產生的「虛擬空間」已顛覆了物理性的空間觀念。真實環境中的空間結構是固定的，人與空間的關係也是被動的。在「虛擬空間」中，透過設計者對歷史性建築的分解與重組，空間結構具有諸多可能性，人與歷史性建築的關係是主動的，使用者具有選擇遊歷經驗的權利。而透過「虛擬空間」的拼貼與超鏈結等技術，還能提供對過去環境或已消逝之建築的「真實」想像，依此「虛擬空間」運用於歷史性建築之保存工作上，俾能扮演著互補性、多元性、豐富性、運用性（操作性）的角色，提供極佳的保存助益與新的空間型態。

關鍵字

虛擬空間；歷史性建築；建築保存

並列摘要

It is an important means to understand how people represent their thoughts on natural and cosmic consciousness through architecture. Greek temples and Chinese gardens both represented people's thoughts on nature then. Unfortunately those architectural works may be destroyed in any way. One day we probably lose all of these properties. Thus it becomes an urgent issue to find any possible ways to preserve those important works. Due to the development of digital technology, it seems a new approach to consider how it can be apply to the historic preservation.Cyberspace to real world is similar to the mental space to physical space. In ancient time, people imaged the heaven and represented their imagination to the church. It was a kind of virtual world in that time. Television shows and movies were our virtual world, but now the internet is instead. Cyberspace and real world are not divided clearly, and the real world can not be instead of the virtual. The virtual only becomes a part of the real world.Cyberspace totally changes our thoughts of physical spaces. In the real world, spatial structure is fixed and the relationship between human being and spaces is not so interactive. However, through the deconstruction and reconstruction on historical buildings in the cyberspace, the spatial structure becomes flexible and the relationship between human being and spaces is interactive. Using the technology of collage and hyperlink, the cyberspace provides a possible real imagination on a lost space. Applying cyberspace to the historical preservation helps such more mutually, potentially, richly, and applicably, and it can leads towards a new approach on preservation.