臺灣與美國中小學教師職責、權利和義務之比較研究

A Comparison of the Duties, Rights, and Obligations of School Teachers in Taiwan and the United States

鄭葉敏芬(Ming-Fen Cheng-Yeh)

《臺灣教育評論月刊》 8卷9期 (2019/09) Pp. 131-143

摘要

本研究比較臺灣與美國中小學教師在學校薪資丶工作環境、義務丶職責及權力方面的異同。研究發現臺灣教師的薪津分為本薪和津貼，薪資結構較為注重學術研究的激勵作用；美國大多數公立學校採用單一薪資制度。工作環境方面，臺灣教師最關注的是學校的位置、學校的組織和運作結構；美國教師則較側重校長領導力、學校的人力資源手段。職責和義務方面，美國教師多為以道德層面去考量，在實踐中多以意識、情感、理想和信念反映教育精神。而臺灣教師受到中華文化的影響，職責和義務通常是社會要求的道德或職業操守。教師權力方面，美國教師在學校政策方面的參與程度要比臺灣教師高很多，這是因美國教師與學校管理層之間的權力距離較小之故。

關鍵字

中小學敎師 ； 敎師職責 ； 敎師權利和義務

並列摘要

This study compares the similarities and differences between the primary and secondary school teachers in Taiwan and the United States in terms of school salary, work responsibilities, duties and powers. The study found that the salary of Taiwan teachers is divided into salary and allowance, and the salary structure pays more attention to the incentive effect of academic research; most public schools in the United States adopt a single salary system. In terms of the working environment, Taiwanese teachers are most concerned about the location of the school, the organization and operational structure of the school; the American teachers are more focused on the leadership of the principal and the human resources of the school. In terms of responsibilities and obligations, American teachers mostly consider morality. In practice, they often reflect the spirit of education with consciousness, emotion, ideals and beliefs. Taiwanese teachers are influenced by Chinese culture, and their rights and obligations are usually moral or professional ethics required by society. In terms of teacher power, American teachers are much more involved in school policy than Taiwanese teachers because of the smaller power distance between American teachers and school management.

並列關鍵字

primary and secondary school teachers ； teacher duty ； right and obligation