棒球選手目標取向、知覺動機氣候、競賽壓力因應策略與身心倦怠之相關研究

The Relationships of Goal Orientation, Perceived Motivational Climate, Coping Strategies and Burnout among Baseball Players

康立群(Li-Chun Kang) ； 方瑞玲(Lui-Ling Fang)

《大專體育學術專刊》 94年度 (2005/05) Pp. 265-275

https://doi.org/10.6695/AUES.200505_94.0025

摘要

本研究目的在於探討棒球選手之目標取向、知覺動機氣候、競賽壓力因應策略與身心倦怠之關係。參與者以參加九十一年甲組棒球聯賽之棒球選手為受試對象共計192名選手，平均年齡20.69（± 2.02）歲，平均球齡7.31（± 1.84）年。以運動目標取向量表、知覺運動動機氣候量表、競賽壓力因應量表及運動員競技倦怠量表為研究工具，統計方法分別以皮爾遜積差相關、徑路分析進行資料處理。本研究結果顯示：（一）經皮爾遜積差相關分析後發現：工作取向、工作取向氣候與問題導向、情緒導向等競賽壓力因應策略呈顯著正相關，而工作取向與逃避導向因應策略呈顯著負相關；工作取向、工作取向氣候與身心倦怠傾向、運動能力的負面自我概念呈顯著負相關與個人運動表現知覺呈著正相關；自我取向與心理退縮呈顯著正相關；自我取向氣候與情緒導向、身心倦怠傾向、運動能力的負面自我概念、情緒及身體耗竭呈顯著正相關。（二）由徑路分析結果得知：工作取向、工作取向氣候和自我取向氣候正向影響問題導向，而自我取向負向影響問題導向。工作取向、工作取向氣候和自我取向氣候亦能正向影響情緒導向；此外工作取向負向影響逃避導向。在競賽壓力因應策略方面，問題導向負向影響身心倦怠而逃避導正向影響身心倦怠。在直接效果的部分，除了透過問題導向、逃避導向的中介之外，工作取向也能直接負向影響身心倦怠。本研究根據研究結果與討論，提出實際運動訓練之建議及未來研究之方向。

關鍵字

目標取向 ； 知覺動機氣候 ； 競賽壓力因應策略 ； 身心倦怠

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among baseball players' goal orientation, perception of motivational climate, coping strategies of competitive stress and Burnout. The participants were 192 baseball players recruited from 11 baseball teams. The mean age and sport age of the players are 20.69(±2.02) years and 7.31(±1.84) years. After receiving the informed consent, Participants were requested to complete a questionnaire assessing their goal orientation, perception of motivational climate, coping strategies of competitive stress and athlete burnout. The results of this study were as followed: (1) The results of Pearson correlation analysis indicated that perception of task orientation and perceived task-involved climate were positively related to problem-focused and emotional-focused coping strategies. whereas, there were negatively correlations between task orientation and avoidance-focused coping strategies. In addition, task orientation, task orientation climate were negatively correlations with burnout tendency, and negative self-concept of athletic ability whereas a positively correlations were found with perception of athletic performance. In addition, ego orientation was positively correlated with psychological withdrawal from and devaluation of sport participation. There were positively correlations among ego orientation climate, emotional-focused coping, burnout tendency, negatively self-concept of athletic ability, emotional and physical exhaustion. (2) The results of path analysis indicated that problem-focused and avoidance-focused coping strategies played as important mediators in terms of goal orientation and perceptions of motivational climate predicting burnout tendency. However, task orientation climate had negatively direct effect on burnout tendency. Based on the finding of this study, it is suggested that achievement goal theory is a useful framework in terms of the predicting of coping strategies and burnout. Moreover, suggestions for actual training and future directions of study were provided.

並列關鍵字

goal orientation ； perceived motivational climate ； coping strategies ； burnout