This study aimed to understand people's motivation to participate recreation activity in Penghu County, Taiwan. We designed a questionnaire entitled ”Recreation Activity Participation and Evaluation in Penghu”, and distributed a total of 500 questionnaires randomly followed with 450 valid cases in return. A series of statistic methods, including descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and percentage), t-test, F-test, and Bonferroni methods for post hoc comparison, were systematically applied in current study. Our results suggest that Penghu residents were motivated to take a part in recreation activity for the following reasons: ”Promote Health”, ”Relax”, ”Imporve Cardiopulmonary Function”, ”Relieve Stress”, and ”Buildup Endurance”. Furthermore, variations in motivation were clearly distinguishable among residences with different backgrounds (genders, ages, education, occupation, and residential area).