各國政府採購制度之探討

A Study of Government Procurement Systems of Different Countries

黃慧娟(Hui-Chuan Huang) ； 洪浩華(Hao-Hua Hung)

《中央警察大學警察行政管理學報》 10期 (2014/05) Pp. 81-102

摘要

由於早期政府部門沒有完善的採購規範可供採購時之依據，政府採購或淪為執政者攏絡地方派系以確立假設性之民主正當性的有利工具，或囿於政府機關龐大購買力及資訊的不透明性，致產生許多重大弊案，使政府採購常引起不公平之譏，在此種政治氛圍與民間輿論下，彰顯政府採購法制建立之必要性。又鑑於國際自由貿易興盛，國際間的商業活動不斷增加，唯有透過採購方式才能使國際組織或各國政府、廠商進行廣泛交易，進而提升更大的效率與利益。為維持市場秩序間的採購活動，各國必須遵守一致性的共同規範，依據一定程序方能使國際貿易環境更公平、公正、公開的進行交易。爰此，本文除介紹規範各國採購制度之政府採購協定外，並探討採購協定中具有代表性之會員國，如歐盟、美國及日本等，冀希做為我國日後修正政府採購法之參考，俾與世界接軌。

關鍵字

政府採購 ； 關稅暨貿易總協定

並列摘要

In the early years government departments did not have complete procurement regulations as a reference for civil servants to comply with during procurement. Hence, government procurement seemed to become an advantageous tool for rulers of different countries to fawn on local powerful factions in order to establish hypothetical democratic legitimacy. Or, owing to the huge buying power of government departments and non-transparency of procurement information, many serious scandals were produced, thus making government procurement always ridiculed as unfair transactions. Under such political atmosphere and public criticisms, government departments found it necessary to formulate Government Procurement Act. Besides, due to prosperity of international free trade, commercial activities among different countries of the world increased continuously. Only by the way of procurement could make different international organizations or national governments and manufacturers have extensive transactions, and further increase efficiency and achieve greater profits. In order to keep procurement activities take place in proper market order, all countries have to comply with the consistent common rules and follow fixed procedures. In this way, fairer, more impartial and open transactions can be made in international trade environment. In view of this, the paper introduces the main member countries of Government Procurement Agreement (GPA), such as Japan, USA, and EU. It is hoped that the research results of the paper can be referential to amendment of Government Procurement Act in the later days, and helpful to our connection with the world.

並列關鍵字

Government Procurement ； General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade