理性抉擇理論在觀光博弈產業地區治安管理策略中的應用

The Application of Rational Choice Theory on Security Administration in Gambling Industry Area

孫義雄(Yi-Hsiung Sun)

《中央警察大學警察行政管理學報》 11期 (2015/05) Pp. 59-73

摘要

設置博弈產業是我國社會當前重要的議題，而國內相關文獻及民意調查皆顯示民眾對其最大的疑慮，是治安惡化的問題，故設置觀光博弈產業地區採行適當的治安管理策略顯得相當重要。「理性抉擇」之概念，是Becker從經濟學領域引用而來，Clarke和Chornish等人再依之而提出理性抉擇公式並加以引申；其內涵強調人是「有限理性」的、「趨樂避苦」的，所以犯罪行為是人們「主觀期望利益模式」抉擇的結果。由於微觀之理性抉擇理論的提出，促發了巨觀的日常活動理論的產生，也因而發展出了「一般嚇阻策略」、「情境犯罪預防策略」、「特殊嚇阻策略」，以及「長期隔離策略」等當代重要的犯罪預防相關策略。針對觀光博弈產業的具體治安管理作為，都可歸類在此四大策略中；唯其中歸屬「一般嚇阻策略」、「情境預防策略」的治安管理策略，是可以完全由警政單位自行規劃、執行的；而歸屬「特殊嚇阻策略」及「隔離策略」中的治安管理策略，則需要與政府其他機構配合進行。

關鍵字

理性抉擇 ； 有限理性 ； 主觀期望利益模式 ； 觀光博弈產業 ； 治安管理策略

並列摘要

The gambling industry is one of the most important issues to tourism industry in our country. The deterioration of public security seems to be the most concern of local people based on the poll survey and related literature review reports. As such, a proper security administration strategy plays a vital part when it comes to gambling industry. The concept of Rational Choice Theory, drawn from the economic field by Becker., was extended and enlarged different models by Clarke and Chornish. The main concept emphasizes individuals own limited rationality and hedonistic involved. Therefore, the crime behavior result accounts for the choice of subjective expected utility model adopted by most people. Owning to the micro Rational Choice Theory developed, it advances the macro Routine Activity Theory. That is why the recent attention to crime prevention related strategies has focused on specific ways, such as General Deterrence, Situational Crime Prevention, Specific Deterrence, and Incapacitation. The four specific crime prevention strategies are also involved in gambling industry in terms of public security administration strategies. The General Deterrence and Situational Crime Prevention can be planned and executed solely by police force unit. However, Specific Deterrence and Incapacitation strategies should be working out with other government departments.

並列關鍵字

rational choice ； limited rationality ； subjective expected utility model ； gambling industry ； public security administration strategies