高危險群偏差行為學生之社會工作處遇－從社會過程理論觀點

School Social Work Intervention of the High-Risk Delinquency Student with Social Process Theories

黃韻如(Yun-Ju Huang)

《學校與家庭社會工作學刊》 1期 (2004/12) Pp. 109+111-146

https://doi.org/10.6247/SFSW.2004.01.04

摘要

偏差行為學生由於行為對自己及他人所造成的直接或隱藏性傷害危機，再加上校園被害恐懼感的產生及蔓延，造成學生在校園生活的不安全感，因此成為社工師、教職員、家長共同關注的焦點案主群。本文嘗試從犯罪學社會過程理論觀點思考，解釋校園高危險群學生偏差行為形塑的過程，並結合學校社會工作實務經驗的觀察及思考，嘗試提出建議性的輔導策略。社會過程理論觀點強調犯罪行為是個人社會化的產物，如同所有正向行為，都是學習而來的，將討論焦點集中在人與各種組織機構的互動和社會過程（包含：教育、工作、家庭生活及同儕關係），認為個人生命周期成長的經驗，嚴重受到家庭關係、同儕團體聯結、教育經驗、與權威者互動經驗影響，權威者包含：教師、僱主、司法機構等。如果上述關係是正向且支持性的，則個人可以在社會規則下擁有成功經驗；反之，如果這些關係是無功能甚至具破壞性的，則不可能出現常規的成功經驗，而偏差行為成為可能的替代方案。從中本文討論從家庭、學校等微視系統，以至於社會環境等鉅視系統，對高危險青少年的背景影響因素。其中學校是青少年發展歷程中，除了家庭以外最重要的生態環境，也是極重要的社會化場域，因此教師管教、教育經驗、同儕關係等都成為未來發展重要參考依據。教育過程及青少年在學校的學習成就與犯罪有關聯性，兒童少年在學校低學習成就、缺乏學習動機、感覺孤獨的，較有可能與犯罪行為聯結，產生較高比率的嚴重及暴力的危險行為，更可能延伸至成人犯罪。當然，學校如何面對及輔導青少年偏差行為，也成為其行為是否會延伸到成年的重要關鍵之一。也因此本文後半段則嘗試從學校社工的角度提出處遇建議。

關鍵字

高危險群學生 ； 社會過程 ； 社會學習 ； 學校社會工作 ； 偏差行為

並列摘要

Because of the maladaptive behavior of high-risk students affects all students including physical, mental and behavior influence. The high-risk students become the target clients in social work system, education system and all parents. In various aspects of this article explain the process of modeling deviation behavior and the growth path and factor of high-risk student with social process theories and ecological perspective. In the last section, I want to provide intervention suggestion for school social work practice and suggestion.Social process theories emphasize that the delinquency is a function of individual socialization. These theories draw attention to the interactions which teenagers have with various environments such as education, family life, and peer relationship. If these relationships are positive and supportive, individuals will be able to succeed within the rules of society; if these relationships are dysfunctional and destructive, individuals will receive the delinquency values.Besides the family, the school is the most important microsystem and socializational institution for teenagers. The discipline, education experience and peer relation become the reference of teenager's development. Students who perform poorly in school, lack of educational motivation, and feel isolated are most likely to have coercive interactive and maladaptive behavior. They commit more serious and violent offenses and persist in their offending into adulthood. In fact, preventing and correcting high-risk students behavior is the target mission for junior high school. It will be discussed in the later half of this study, including current intervention myths and suggestions.

並列關鍵字

The High-Risk Student ； Social Process Theory ； Social learning theory ； School Social Work ； delinquency