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從日本吳音的形成及其現象看閩語與吳語的關係

The Connection between Min Dialects and Wu Dialects, Viewed from the Formation and Phenomena in Go-on

摘要


閩語和日本吳音乍看並無直接關係,但事實上,它們的發展和形成,都和吳語有一定的淵源。本論文藉由日本的吳音,探討吳語和閩語的共同音韻現象;透過域外漢字音的觀察,使吳語和閩語在歷史上的淵源更為清晰可見。吳音所反映的早期北部吳語(金陵是六朝京都)特點,至今依然保存於南部吳語或閩方言中。其聲母方面,如日母、匣母的聲音,吳音的讀法與閩語、吳語的白讀相似。其韻母方面,如梗攝三、四等字讀低元音;蟹攝四等讀ai(西、低、禮、妻);麻韻字,吳音、吳語讀o,閩語讀ua。這些現象皆可由日本與中國往來的歷史文獻記錄、日本吳音名稱的確立、漢民族的移民歷史、漢語史、以及中國的地理風貌等線索,加以探究證明。歷史上,部分北方漢民族因為戰亂而避難吳地,他們在吳地停留相當時間以後,又再度南下福建,故閩語帶有一層吳語的色彩。而日本吳音,則是三至六世紀的日本人因渴慕漢文化及政治、經濟上的密切接觸,頻繁與中國交流,傳習而去的漢字音。吳語同時對日本吳音與閩語有著深厚的影響,在三者之音韻現象中,如能作一對比研究,應有助於釐清吾人以往對於漢語史的錯誤認識。

關鍵字

吳語 閩語 吳音 方言 音韻

並列摘要


Generally speaking, there are no linguistic ties between Min dialects and Go-on. However, historically speaking, the cultural contact between Japan and China can be traced back to the Han dynasty and San-guo. In this paper, I intend to show the proof that, Go-on and Min dialects share some historical sound changes with Wu dialects, based on the comparative study of the evolution of Go-on, Wu dialects, Min dialects. Evidence from Chinese and Japanese historical records will be given to support my hypothesis that Go-on was imported from Wu region during the 3-6th century. And a stratum of Min dialects had been imported from the Wu dialects in the Wu region into their areas before the Tang dynasty.

並列關鍵字

Wu dialects Min dialects Go-on Dialects Phonology

被引用紀錄


楊馥綺(2007)。日本漢字音與日本學生學習漢語語音之關聯〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2007.03177

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