建物外牆音診評估模型之研究

Acoustic Evaluation Model for Building Exterior Wall Diagnosis

張智元 ； 葉瑞娟

《物業管理學會論文集》 8屆 (2014/05) Pp. 145-152

摘要

磁磚迄今仍是建設公司或建築師在選擇外牆飾材時的主要選擇，然而無論從學術研究、高齡建物現況或新聞事件報導等相關資訊來看，長期以來磁磚劣化、破損或掉落已衍生各式問題，舉凡如：公共安全疑慮、美觀問題、資產價值遽降等。傳統式的外牆磁磚診斷，皆仰賴泥作老師傅的主觀經驗判斷，缺乏較客觀且具科學性的學理、方法、技術、儀器與基準，但猶如醫學專業領域的醫生看診，亦需要科學化的儀器與方法來輔助一般，因此如何在建築物至少50年的營運與維護階段，研發出可供土木工程師技師、建築師或物管專業人員使用，且兼具客觀與科學的診斷方法與基準，著實有其必要性。本研究以常用之光面二丁掛磚為診斷對象，設計模擬空鼓率25%、50%及75%的實驗組外牆試體，比對完全無空鼓之對照組外牆試體，藉自行設計之定量敲擊設備使聲音樣本具一致性，並以指向性電容式麥克風進行樣本收集以避免雜訊。最後，透過本團隊已研發之聲音能量法（Acoustic Energy Analysis）與自行設計之分析軟體，結合聲紋判定及各空鼓率之異質音與正常音在AEA下的面積特徵值，研擬一個具可行性的建物外牆的磁磚音診評估模型（Tile Acoustic Evaluation Model, TAEM），以提供建築醫生一個客觀判定基準與方法，作為未來在診斷外牆磁磚劣化程度之作業參考。

關鍵字

外牆磁磚 ； 公共安全 ； 聲音能量 ； 住宅健診 ； 物業管理

並列摘要

Tiles are currently the major choice of construction companies and architects for facade decoration materials. However, academic studies, news reports, and the status of old buildings have evidenced that tile deterioration, damage, or falling tiles have resulted in numerous problems such as public safety concerns, aesthetic issues, and the declination of asset values. Facade tiles are traditionally diagnosed by the master masons' subjective empirical determinations, which lack the implementation of objective and scientific theories, methods, techniques, equipment, and standards. Similar to doctors' diagnoses in the medical field, which necessitate scientific apparatuses and approaches, the research and development of objective and scientific diagnosis approaches and standards for the at least 50-year operation and maintenance stage of buildings are necessary. Such approaches and standards can be used by civil engineer technicians, architects, and property management professionals. For diagnosis, this study targeted commonly used glossy dibutyl hanging tiles. The facade samples in the experimental group were simulated to feature hollowing rates of 25%, 50%, and 75%, and were compared with those without hollowing rates in the control group. The acoustic samples were rendered consistent by employing self-designed quantitative tapping equipment. Samples were collected using an omnidirectional condenser microphone to avoid noise. By adopting the acoustic energy analysis (AEA) and analysis software proposed and designed by the research team, this study compared the area eigenvalues of damaged tiles and normal tiles with various hollowing rates in AEA. In addition, a tile acoustic evaluation model for facades was constructed, to provide building diagnosticians with an objective standard and approach for the future diagnosis of the degree of facade tile deterioration.

並列關鍵字

External Wall Tile ； Public Safety ； Acoustic Energy ； Building Health Check ； Property management