中國大陸刑事和解制度改革實證研究－以S.H市人民檢察院的實踐為樣本

The Empirical Research on the Reform of the Criminal Reconciliation in Mainland China-In the Practice of S.H Procuratorate

萬毅(Yi Wan)

《臺灣海洋法學報》 8卷2期 (2009/12) Pp. 48-75

https://doi.org/10.29881/TLSR.200912.0004

摘要

自中共十六屆四中全會提出「構建社會主義和諧社會」的社會發展目標以來，中國大陸在司法實踐中嘗試、探索多元化的糾紛解決機制已蔚然成風。這其中，在刑事司法領域，為「協調社會各方面的利益關係，滿足各方的利益訴求，最大限度地減少不和諧因素，最大限度地增加和諧因素，在和諧中求得社會的穩定」，刑事司法機關也開始在實踐中探索刑事和解制度改革。從中國大陸S.H市檢察機關推行刑事和解制度改革的歷程來看，在大陸實踐中試行的刑事和解制度改革完全是一種本土自覺行為。刑事和解制度在價值理念和定位方面與國外的「修復式司法」存在著較大的差異。刑事和解制度的價值定位是有效化解社會矛盾，在程序運作上強調的是如何有效率地使當事人就賠償問題達成協議，在程序結構上是以金錢賠償為中心、追求解決案件的高效率，而當事人之間的對話及其關係的修復則成為「附屬品」。從大陸S.H市檢察機關探索刑事和解制度改革五年來的實踐效果看，成效顯著：它充分保障了被害方的權益，有利於加害人順利回歸社會，促進了糾紛一次性解決、恢復了社會關係的穩定與平衡。但S.H市五年來的刑事和解實踐中也在制度目的、價值、程序以及機制等方面暴露出一些問題，亟待通過立法予以調整。

關鍵字

檢察院 ； 刑事和解 ； 糾紛 ； 社會矛盾

並列摘要

Since The CPC's Fourth Plenary Session of The Sixteenth Central Committee stressed on ”building a harmonious socialist society”, trying to explore multiplex dispute-resolution mechanisms has come into fashion in the judicial practice of Mainland China. And in criminal judicial field, for ”coordinating social interests relation, satisfying the interests of all parties, minimizing the unharmonious factors, maximizing factors in harmonious society, pursuing the stability in the harmonious society,” the criminal judicial authorities began to explore the reform of the criminal reconciliation system in the practice.From the perspective of the reforming course of the criminal reconciliation in Mainland China which has been being pushed by S.H procuratorate, the reforming of the criminal reconciliation in Mainland China is an entirely local aware behavior. So, it is obviously different from the Restorative justice abroad. The former stresses on resolving conflicts effectively in The value orientation, making parties reach an agreement on damages efficiently in the process operation, centering compensation for the money and pursuing solving cases of high efficiency in the structure of the process, but the dialogue between parties and repairation of the relationgship are become ”accessories”. From the five years practical effect, S.H procuratorate got a remarkable achievement in exploration the reform of the criminal reconciliation system. And it has fully protected the victims' rights and interests, made offenders return to society smoothly, promoted the disputes soluted once, restored the social relations into stability and balance. However, there have been some problems exposed, for example, system objective, value, procedures and mechanism, etc. And these problems are supposed to sovle through legislation.

並列關鍵字

Procuratorate ； Disputes ； The criminal reconciliation ； Social contradictions

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