海洋治理－以美國、加拿大及澳洲為例

因傳統的行政部門分工安排與行政行為相當程度地限制海洋治理之效果，“聯合作為”的想法便因此應運而生。聯合作為（joined-up）是以海洋生態系統為內容，打破各行政部門的空間限制，並反映在海洋環境的運作型態，以期行政部門能實施適合於人類行為與海洋治理的手段。清楚地，若僅著重於某一海洋使用部門的獨立研究將是不足的。因此，有必要研究總體性海洋空間使用的內容，並理解人類行為與海洋環境間的互動關係與其間的累進效果。基於前述，海洋治理在某種程度的改變將是有必要的。本文建議，改變可以由三個面向著手：其一，態度；其二，法律；其三，行政組織，並例舉美國、加拿大以及澳洲之實例以為證。

關鍵字

海洋治理；聯合作為；行政部門分工

並列摘要

Traditionally, the public authorities with their sectoral arrangements and ways of conducting business, constrain efforts at suitable evaluation regarding appropriate ocean governance actions. It is for these reasons that ”joined-up efforts” began to emerge. Such efforts are likely to cut across spatial boundaries in the context of marine ecosystems, reflecting an evolving realisation of how the marine environment operates, which will enable the public authorities to adapt appropriate human behaviour and governance systems. Clearly, it is insufficient to concentrate only on particular ocean uses in isolation. It is, instead, necessary that ocean governance be pursued in the context of the holistic use of ocean space with an understanding of use interactions and the cumulative effects of human activities on the marine environment. This in turn indicates that certain degree of change is needed. This paper suggests that there is a need for a change in term of attitude, legal authority and institutional structure with references to the United States, Canada and Australia.

並列關鍵字

Ocean Governance ； Joined-up Effort ； Sectoral-based Administration

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