從歷史觀點論析境外僱用外籍漁工的勞動權益保障

現行我國漁船雇主經營海洋漁業，並僱用外籍漁工從事海洋漁撈工作，可分為「境內僱用」與「境外僱用」兩類型。然而，「境內僱用」之外籍漁工適用《勞動基準法》，擁有相對完善的勞動保障；而「境外僱用」之外籍漁工，目前尚未有《勞動基準法》的適用，另以《遠洋漁業條例》及其授權訂定之「境外僱用非我國籍船員許可及管理辦法」加以規範。惟從《聯合國經社文權利國際公約》等國際法律之條文可知，「勞動權益」儼然成為普世人權的一環。但「境内僱用」與「境外僱用」之外籍於工，其勞動權益之保障是否因適用法規不同而有所差異？因而，除了從法治觀點討論外，本文擬進一步從我國海權的歷史觀點加以討論，了解境外僱用外籍漁工在海洋發展上的地位及權益保障。倘若境外僱用的外籍漁工在我國海洋發展上佔有一定地位，是否應該重新檢討其勞動之權益，以符合勞動人權之普世價值發展。

關鍵字

境外僱用外籍漁工；歷史觀點；勞動權益；法治；普世價值

並列摘要

At present, Taiwanese fishing vessels enterprises operate marine fisheries and employ foreign fishermen to engage in marine fishing. This employment can be divided into two categories: domestic employment and overseas employment. Foreign fishermen employed under the domestic employment category are protected under the Labor Standards Act and have relatively complete labor rights security; while there is currently no application of the Labor Standards Act foreign fishermen employed under the oversea employment category. Laws governing fishing in international waters are defined and regulated by the Regulations on the Authorization and Management of Overseas Employment of Foreign Crew Members. From the provisions of international laws such as the United Nation's International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, labor rights have become a part of universal human rights. However, depending on whether domestic employment or overseas employment categories are used to employ are foreign workers, the protection of their labor rights varies in accordance with the applicable regulations. Therefore, in addition to discussing from the perspective of the rule of law, this paper further analyses the issue from the historical perspective of Taiwan's sea power to understand the status and protection of foreign fishermen employed offshore by Taiwanese enterprises. If foreign fishermen employed offshore in Taiwanese oceans have a certain status, this paper discusses whether there should be a review of their labor rights to meet the values developed for universal human rights.