番石榴果實防治東方果實蠅可行性之評估

Evaluation of Guava Fruits on the Control of Oriental Fruit Fly (Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel))

劉添丁(Tien-Ding Liu) ； 黃金助(Chin-Ju Huang) ； 林信山(Hsin-Shan Lin)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 50期 (1996/03) Pp. 61-71

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.199603.0061

摘要

東方果實蠅是本省最重要的害虫，為害的果樹種類極多，造成鉅大損失，以噴施殺虫劑、懸掛或空投含毒甲基丁香油誘殺板、及釋放不孕性雄蠅等方法防治迄今，東方果實蠅之為害仍極為嚴重。本試驗針對問題，評估市售各種誘引劑、誘殺板、農家自配之誘引劑及番石榴等自然資材之誘引效果。於番石榴園進行試驗的結果，發現供試各種市售誘引劑誘引雄蠅之效果均不如甲基丁香油誘殺板，誘殺雌蠅之效果也不如番石榴果實加90%納乃得可濕性粉劑配成之誘餌。番石榴果實加納乃得可濕性粉劑後置於番石榴園中之有效誘殺期長達13日。比較及累計番石榴果實與甲基丁香油誘殺板在11日內誘殺果實蠅的結果，番石榴果實每200 g平均共誘殺25.4隻，其中雄蠅12.2隻，雌蠅13.2隻；甲基丁香油誘殺板每片平均共誘殺雄蠅13.2隻。番石榴不但誘殺雄蠅的效果與甲基丁香油誘殺板相當，而且誘殺雌蠅及雄蠅的數量近似。這些試驗結果支持番石榴做為誘殺果方果實蠅之可行性，乃提出防治東方果實蠅之模式，即除了現行之防治法外，針對短期或即時性的需要，以番石榴果實摻藥劑後撒佈於果園以誘殺之，每10日更新誘餌一次；長期對策為於果樹區之產業道路旁或畸零地，廣植具有強烈誘引效果之小粒種番石榴，配合園藝技術，促使全年之大部分時間均有果實掛樹，然後依據藥效期限，定期及長期噴藥誘殺果實蠅，以降低蟲口密度。

關鍵字

東方果實蠅 ； 番石榴 ； 甲基丁香油 ； 防治

並列摘要

Oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)) is one of the most important pest in Taiwan. It invades many kinds of fruit trees and causes severe economical loss. Current controlling approaches including application of pesticides, adoption of methyl eugenol (ME) board, release of male-sterile fruit fly, etc., did not depress the population of oriental fruit fly so far. In order to overcome this problem, the attracting efficacy of commercial attractants, ME board, and natural attractants placed in guava orchard are evaluated. It was found that all of the commercial attractants were inferior not only to ME board in attraction of male fruit flies but also to guava fruits in attratcion of female fruit flies. Guava fruits mixed with 90% Methomyl W.P. can persisted 13 days in attraction of fruit fly at guava orchard. In a 11-day attracting experiment, one dish of guava fruit (200 g) attracted 25.4 fruit flies (female 13.2, male 12.2), and one ME board attracted 13.2 female fruit flies. These results showed that the number of female fruit flies attracted by guava fruits was comparable to ME board. In addition, the guava fruits attracted similar number of female fruit flies. Therefore, a strategy to suppress fruit fly population was suggested that included temporary and long term approach. To meet temporary demands, dispersing guava fruits mixed with pesticides by 10-day interval under orchard was suggested to integrate into current control approachs. For long term consideration, we suggest plant guava trees along country road sides or on the useless land around the orchard. These guava trees should bear small fruits so that through horticultural technicques they could be forced fruiting all year around. The possession of high attractiveness is required as well. Then the application of useful pesticides was adopted throughout the year to decrease the population of fruit fly.

並列關鍵字

oriental fruit fly ； guava ； methyl eugenol (ME) ； control