不同綠肥作物對一期稻作產量與米質之影響

Effects of Different Green Manure Crops on the Yield and Quality of the First Crop Rice

許愛娜(Ai-Na Hsu) ； 沈勳(Sheen Shiun)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 98期 (2008/03) Pp. 33-56

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.200803.0033

摘要

1998～2002年分別在第二期作栽培綠肥作物田菁、青皮豆與太陽麻，另於冬季裡作栽培綠肥作物埃及三葉草、苕子與油菜，加上未種任何綠肥之對照區，共七個處理，探討不同綠肥作物對於第一期作兩個水稻品種稻米產量與品質之影響。品種是影響農藝性狀與產量表現之最重要因素，至於前作所栽培不同之綠肥作物影響一期作臺稉8號之農藝性狀表現程度大於臺中秈10號，但對於兩個品種之產量並未造成明顯差異。不同綠肥處理對於碾米品質影響會因品種而異，但最終之完整米率並未造成顯著影響。不同綠肥處理對於兩個品種之白米外觀影響並不完全相同，隨栽培年數增加臺稉8號維持原有的透明且心白有降低趨勢，臺中秈10號則轉透明腹白變少且白度降低。整體米質有隨栽培年數增加而改善的現象，粗蛋白質含量在所有的綠肥處理皆比對照表現得高，栽培綠肥改良米質之效果以臺中秈10號優於臺稉8號。前作栽培綠肥多年後對於米飯物理性有明顯改善作用，但不同綠肥作物之影響會因品種而異。綠肥處理對於兩個品種米飯食用品質僅稍有促進效果，臺稉8號之影響多於臺中秈10號。影響臺稉8號糙米品質前兩年表現的主要為胴裂粒率，但不同綠肥處理間並無明顯差異存在，至於影響臺中秈10號糙米品質第一年表現的主要為胴裂粒率與碎米率，第二年則為碎米率，胴裂粒率以二期作種田菁處理較高，但碎米率在不同綠肥處理間並無差異。

關鍵字

一期稻作 ； 綠肥作物 ； 產量 ； 米質

並列摘要

The effects of different manure crops on the yield and quality of two rice cultivars for the first crop season were studied in 1998-2002. The experiment included seven treatments: Ching-Pyi soybean, sesbania and sun hemp planted in the second crop season; Egyptian clover, hairy vetch and rapeseed planted in the winter inter-crop season, and the check plot without planting any manure crop. The results showed that cultivar was the most important factor affecting the agronomic traits and yield performance. The effects of different manure crops planted in previous season were greater on Taikeng 8 of the first crop season than that of Taichung sen 10 in term of agronomic traits performance, but there was no significant difference on yield between cultivars. The effects of different manure crops on milling quality were different between cultivars, but there was no significant difference on percentage of head rice. Milled rice grain appearance of two varieties showed different responses under different green manure treatments, Taikeng 8 turned less white center and maintained a similar translucency, while Taichung sen 10 became more translucent, less white belly and less whiteness. The overall rice quality was improved by years, as the crude protein contents of rice grains under green manure treatments were higher than that of the check plot, and Taichung sen 10 had greater rice quality improvement than Taikeng 8. The physical properties of cooked rice could be significantly improved after cultivating green manure crops for several years, but the effects were cultivar dependent. Green manure treatments had slightly improvement on sensory eating quality of cooked rice for both varieties, while Taikeng 8 had greater improvement than Taichung sen 10. The major characteristic affected brown rice quality of Taikeng 8 was cracked kernel ratio for the first two years, but there was no significant difference among different green manure treatments. As for Taichung sen 10, the factors affecting the brown rice quality were cracked kernel ratio and broken kernel ratio for the first year, and broken kernel ratio for the second year. Cracked kernel ratio was the highest under sesbania treatment planted in the second crop season, while broken kernel ratio showed no difference among seven green manure treatments.

並列關鍵字

rice ； first crop ； green manure ； yield ； rice quality