不同綠肥作物對二期稻作產量與米質之影響

Effects of Different Green Manure Crops on the Yield and Quality of the Second Crop Rice

許愛娜(Ai-Na Hsu) ； 沈勳(Sheen Shiun)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 104期 (2009/09) Pp. 49-65

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.200909.0049

摘要

2002～2005年分別在第一期作栽培綠肥作物田菁、青皮豆與太陽麻，另於前一年冬季裡作栽培綠肥作物埃及三葉草、苕子與油菜，加上未種任何綠肥之對照區，共七個處理，探討不同綠肥作物如何影響第二期作兩個水稻品種產量與米質之表現。結果顯示品種是影響各性狀表現的最重要因素，年度次之，至於綠肥處理則影響到部份性狀之表現，同時又多以一期作種綠肥處理優於裡作種綠肥處理。一期作種綠肥處理對於臺稉8號產量確有明顯增進效果，三個處理中以田菁效果產量較高，至於產量較差之裡作種綠肥處理則以埃及三葉草與油菜較高產，臺中秈10號產量則較不易受到綠肥處理之影響。兩個品種的碾米品質隨年度增加有下降的現象，以短圓的臺稉8號優於細長的臺中秈10號，較未受到不同綠肥作物之影響。白米外觀部分，臺稉8號與臺中秈10號在三個一期作種綠肥處理皆以青皮豆處理之心腹白最多，而三個裡作種綠肥處理中則都以油菜處理最多。米質理化性狀影響最明顯的為粗蛋白質含量，在兩個品種一期作處理皆以青皮豆最低，雖然臺中秈10號直鏈澱粉含量較臺稉8號平均低了近2%，但後者之凝膠展延性卻表現得更軟，顯示栽培不同綠肥影響米質理化性狀的效果以臺稉8號較佳。所有綠肥作物處理進行三年後，臺稉8號與臺中秈10號都有米飯外觀變好、口感增進、更粘、更軟、總評轉佳的米飯食味品質提昇現象。至於代表糙米品質的整粒率，臺稉8號並未受到年度與不同綠肥作物之影響，臺中秈10號則以一期作種青皮豆處理較低。

關鍵字

二期稻作 ； 綠肥作物 ； 稻米產量 ； 米質

並列摘要

The effects of different green manure crops on the yield and quality of two rice cultivars for the second crop season were studied in 2002-2005. The experiment included seven treatments: Ching-Pyi soybean, sesbania and sun hemp planted in the first crop season; Egyptian clover, hairy vetch and rapeseed planted in the winter inter-crop season, and the check plot without planting any green manure crop. The results showed that the cultivar was the most important factor that affected every agronomic and physcochemical traits of rice, next was the year factor. Manure factor would affect some traits of rice. Performances of most traits of rice which grew after planting green manures in the first crop season were better than those which grew after planting green manures in the winter inter-crop season. The different green manure treatments in the first crop season could increase the yield of Taikeng 8 in the following second crop season, the sesbania plot had the highest yield among three treatments in the first crop season. The treatments that planted Egyptian clover and rapeseed in the winter inter-crop season had higher yield. There were no differences among different green manure treatments for the yield of Taichung sen 10. The milling quality of both varieties was decreased as the year increased. Milling rates of short grain of Taikeng 8 were less affected by green manure threatments than those of slender grain of Taichung sen 10. Grain appearance of both varieties had more white center and white belly at Ching-Pyi soybean plot among three manure treatments planted in the first crop season and also at rapeseed plot among three manure treatments planted in the winter inter-crop season. Among the physicochemical traits, the most affected crude protein contents of both varieties were the lowest at Ching-Pyi soybean plot in the first crop season. The average amylose content of Taichung sen 10 was lower than that of Taikeng 8 by 2%, but the latter had softer gel consistency. It was indicated that Taikeng 8 had better performance after planting different manure treatments in the physicochemical traits. After three-year trials of manure treatments, Taikeng 8 and Taichung sen 10 had improvement on appearance, flavor, stickiness, hardness and overall of cooked rice. The eating quality of both varieties was increased. The whole grain ratio, which was representing the brown rice quality, was not affected by year and different green manure crops for Taikeng 8. The Ching-Pyi soybean plot had lower whole grain ratio for Taichung sen 10.

並列關鍵字

the second crop rice ； green manure ； rice yield ； rice quality