不同品種及栽培環境對有機西洋南瓜果實品質與產量之影響

Effects of Different Cultivars and Cultivation Modes on the Fruit Qualities and Yield of Organic Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima)

楊旻憲(Min-Hsien Yang) ； 蔡宜峯(Yi-Fong Tsai) ； 洪惠娟(Hui-Chuan Hung)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 133期 (2016/12) Pp. 11-22

摘要

本研究目的為探討3個品種(‘小黑’、‘東英’及‘千歲’)及2種栽培方式(露天及簡易設施)對有機西洋南瓜果實品質與產量之影響，試區設置於南投縣魚池鄉臺中區農業改良場埔里分場內，土壤屬於洪積母質紅壤(Diluvium red soils)。試驗結果顯示，‘千歲’及‘東英’的單位面積產量及植株存活率均較高於‘小黑’，以個別品種而言，露天栽培之果實產量顯著高於簡易設施栽培者，植株存活率在露天栽培及簡易設施栽培間差異不顯著。‘東英’及‘千歲’的果重和果寬，以露天栽培者表現顯著高於簡易設施者；‘小黑’的果重、果肉厚度、果高和果寬，在露天或簡易設施栽培間差異不顯著。簡易設施栽培之南瓜果實有較高的總可溶性糖含量，露天栽培之南瓜果實則有較高的硝酸鹽含量；‘小黑’的果實可溶性固形物含量較高，‘東英’及‘千歲’的果實總可溶性糖、澱粉及粗纖維含量較高；果肉及種子的鐵離子還原抗氧化力方面，在不同品種處理及不同栽培方式處理間均差異不顯著。南瓜採收期葉片磷、鉀、鈣及鎂含量在不同品種處理間有顯著差異，而簡易設施栽培之南瓜葉片中磷及鈣含量較高於露天栽培者。

關鍵字

有機西洋南瓜 ； 露天栽培 ； 簡易設施 ； 果實品質 ； 果實產量

並列摘要

The objective of this study is to evaluate the fruit qualities and yield of organic pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) in different cultivars and cultivated modes. Experiment conducted with three cultivars ('Black Lamp', 'East Elite', 'Elixir') and two cultivation modes (open field and plastic tunnel house). And the experiment was carried out at Puli branch (Diluvium red soils) of Taichung DARES, Nantou County. The results indicated that the yields, plant survival rates of 'East Elite' and 'Elixir' organic pumpkin were higher than that of 'Black Lamp'. In each cultivar, the yield performance was better when cultivated in the plastic tunnel house than that cultivated in the open field; and there was no difference on plant survival rate between cultivation mode. The pumpkin fruit weight and fruit width of 'East Elite' and 'Elixir' were higher than that of 'Black Lamp'. There was no difference on fruit weight, flesh thickness, fruit height and fruit width of 'Black Lamp' between cultivation treatments. The total soluble sugar (TSS) content was higher in pumpkin fruit than that cultivated in the plastic tunnel house; and the nitrate content was higher in pumpkin fruit than that cultivated in the open field. The soluble solid content of 'Black Lamp' fruit and the TSS, starch and crude fiber contents of 'East Elite' and 'Elixir' fruit had better performances, respectively. There were no differences on the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of pumpkin seed or fruit between different cultivars, and different cultivation treatments. There were significant differences on the P, K, Ca and Mg contents of pumpkin leaf between different cultivars. The P and Ca contents of pumpkin leaf cultivated in the plastic tunnel house were higher than that cultivated in the open field.

並列關鍵字

Cucurbita maxima ； open field ； Plastic tunnel house ； fruit quality ； yield