優秀運動員壓力來源之質性研究

A Qualitative Study of Sources of Stress in National Elite Athletes

馮家榆(Chia-Yu Feng)

《中正體育學刊》 1期 (2007/06) Pp. 13-21

https://doi.org/10.30093/CCPEJ.200706.0004

摘要

目的：本研究目的在分析與探討本國優秀運動員與國外優秀運動員所面臨的主要壓力來源及程度差異。方式：研究參與者為亞運級選手共32人（男人的，女22人），平均年齡23.4±5.6歲，運動年齡的10.1±4.7年。研究設計上採質性研究的方式進行，透過深入訪談來分析研究對象在運動情境中所引起的壓力事件。結果：研究結果得知研究參與者的壓力來源主要來至（一）競賽的壓力；（二）訓練的壓力；（三）與重要他人負面人際關係的壓力；（四）被期望表現好的壓力；（五）生涯發展方面的壓力；（六）心理能力不足的壓力；（七）生理能力不足的壓力；（八）社會環境的壓力。討論：結果發現本國優秀運動員主要的壓力來源是「競賽的壓力」佔整體壓力源的45.12%，建議未來優秀運動員的壓力因應可列入運動訓練之重要參考依據。

關鍵字

優秀運動員 ； 壓力來源 ； 質性研究

並列摘要

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the primary sources of stress confronted by our national elite athletes and their foreign counterparts and to examine the discrepancy level on the primary sources of stress experienced by our athletes and those from other countries. Method: With an average of10.1±4.7 years of experience as athletes, a total of 32 Asian national-level athletes, including 10 male and 22 female whose average age was 23.4±5.6 years, were given in-depth open-ended interviews using a qualitative method to investigate the subjects' stressors in sport settings Results: The results revealed eight stress items as follows: 1) competition stress, 2)training stress, 3) negative interpersonal stress associated with dominating figures of the organizations, stress from expectation for better performance, 5) career development stress, 6) stress from psychological inadequacy or incompetence, 7) stress from physical inadequacy, and 8) social environmental stress. Conclusions: The findings showed that the greatest source of stress of our national elite athletes came from ”competition stress, ”accounting for 45.12% of the entire stress sources. It is suggested that sources of stress in national elite athletes be considered as an essential reference for future athletic training.

並列關鍵字

elite athletes ； sources of stress ； qualitative method