梨之產期調節

Forcing Culture of Oriental Pear in Taiwan

林信山(Hsin-Shan Lin) ； 林嘉興(Jia-Shing Lin)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 1號 (1985/03) Pp. 31-43

https://doi.org/10.29563/ZHWHGX.198503.0001

摘要

新世紀梨及橫山梨是本省重要的二個栽培品種梨。本報告報導將新世紀梨之接穗嫁接於低海拔之橫山梨，用以調節產期及達到一年多收之目的。十二月中旬至一月中旬高接的新世紀梨，成熟期在六月下旬至七月中旬，而砧木品種橫山梨之收穫期則在八月至九月。除了成活率外，兩品種同時開花是高接成敗的關鍵，新世紀蕛若較早開花，則無法從尚在休眠中之砧木得到充足的補給，若較晚開花，則競爭不過橫山梨，這均致使果實發育不良。高接枝在5~6月間經適當的抑制（摘心、捻曲、或噴射B-9）而得以促使花芽分化。在橫山梨採收後約20天，藉噴射益收生長素導致落葉後，具花芽分化的高接枝可再開花，並於翌年1月至2月間第二度收穫高接梨─即同一株梨樹一年中三穫。

並列摘要

”Pyrus serotina” Rehd. cv. Shinseiki and ”Pyrus serotina” Rehd, cv. Hengshan are two major cultivated varieties of pear in Taiwan. This paper reports the approch of grafting scion of cv. Shinseiki on cv. Hengshan at low land with the purpose to achieve multiharvests in one year and regulating mature time. By grafting a scion with a flower bud of Shinseiki pear on a Hengshan pear water shoot from mid-January to mid_February, Shinseiki pears can be harvested in June. The Hengshan pears mature later from August to September. Besides the survival percentage of grafting, the key point of this method is the conicidental blooming of the two varieties. If Shinseiki pear flowers, while the stock is still dormant, an adequate growth can not be maintained. An early flowering of Hengshan pear will cause a good growth of Hengshan pear, but only an unsatisfactory development of Shinseiki pear. It is possible to harvest Shinseiki pear a second time in the following January to February, the third harvest on the same tree. The first step is to inhibit vegetative growth of newly grafted shoots of Shinseiki pear for inducing the differentiation of flower buds (topping, bending or spraying with B-9 from May to June). Twenty days after Hengshan pear harvest, a defoliation (with ethrel or other chemicals) of the grafted shoots of Shinseiki pear, will initiate another flowering.