梨產期調節與產業調適

Forcing Culture and Industrial Adjustment of Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.) Nakai)

阮素芬(Su-Feng Roan) ； 徐錦木(Chin-Mu Hsu) ； 陳右人(Iou-Zen Chen)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 134號 (2017/12) Pp. 31-57

摘要

臺灣經濟生產的梨產區，可分為低海拔與高海拔兩類型，在自然狀況下，產期自8月開始，雖然部分品種在高海拔可於11-12月採收，但多數品種產期在10月結束。梨果的供應期，透過儲藏，可延長至翌年2、3月。低海拔栽培之主要品種橫山梨品質較差，不耐儲藏，產期又集中，使其經濟效益差，嚴重限制產業之發展。橫山梨透過強制落葉的倒頭梨生產方式，可將產期提前至5-7月；隨後此種生產方式被寄接梨取代，成為臺灣主要生產模式之一，但生產成本與風險高。近年來透過育種選育出不少較適合低海拔種植的低需冷性品種，希望能取代部份橫山梨與寄接梨的生產面積。此外，考量經濟效應，在低海拔地區栽種選育品種，部分仍以倒頭梨與寄接梨生產模式管理。目前國產梨每年生產約在12-15萬公噸之間，因供應期與節慶需要，近十年來每年仍需進口1萬公噸以上之鮮果。未來在產業上應仍是以內銷為主，外銷為輔，以寄接梨為主，低需冷性梨為輔的生產體系，因應消費者多元品種及高品質梨之需求，應持續積極研發低需冷性、高品質、適合低海拔地區種植之新品種，並提升國內生產之梨穗種類及品質供生產需求。

關鍵字

梨 ； 花芽形成 ； 溫度 ； 低溫需求 ； 寄接梨 ； 產期調節

並列摘要

Economical pear production of Taiwan would divide into two types, that were low altitude area and high altitude area type. Usually, pear production season was from August to October, although a few late cultivar could prolong the production season to December¸ and supply season could prolong to February of next year cause by storage. The development of low altitude pear was restricted by low fruit quality and storage ability, so some forcing cultural practices were development to overcome this inferior circumstances off-season pear which forcing pear tree flowering in late August and harvest fruits in late-May to early-July, was done in low altitude pear area, to ahead harvest season and rising the economical efficacy. After 70s, top-graft pear, an unique production technique, almost substituted other systems in low altitude pear area. Due to high production coast of top-graft pear, e few new low-chilling-requirement pear cultivars were released during these two decades, to substitute top-graft pear system, but extension of those cultivar were restricted by chilling unite were not enough in most of low land area. Annual pear production of Taiwan was about 120 to 150 thousand tons, and still imported more than 10 thousand tons to satisfied domestically demand.

並列關鍵字

pear ； flower bud formation ； temperature ； chilling requirement ； top-grafted pear ； forcing culture