提高枇杷果實品質之果園管理

Effect of Field Management Operation on Yield and Quality of Loquat

林嘉興(Jia-Hsing Lin) ； 張林仁(Lin-Ren Chang)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 34號 (1994/06) Pp. 89-106

https://doi.org/10.29563/ZHWHGX.199406.0007

摘要

台灣枇杷產業發展初期，無適當的技術資料可供農民參考應用，以致結果不穩定、產量低、品質差。隨著栽培經驗之累積，果園管理技術之改進，在產量上已有長足進步。但因缺乏基本研究資料，栽培者大都模仿其他果樹之管理方法，未詳加了解枇杷生理習性，而直接套用在枇杷栽培上，以致引起樹勢弱化、著果不穩定、果實發生理障礙、果實品質低、生產費用偏高等問題，使枇杷逐漸失去與其他水果在市場上的競爭力。目前國內市場已趨於果品高級化及精緻化，栽培者未來必需生產高品質之果品，以因應消費者之需求。枇杷優良果品除需要良好的外觀條件外，果實之硬度、糖度及風味等內在品質中，以糖度及硬度為吸引消費者的最具口感的直接品質。品質優良的高級品，糖度在11.5°Brix以上，硬度在280g/cm^2以下；糖度10.5°Brix以上，硬度在300~400g/cm^2者為次級品；糖度在9.0°Brix以下，硬度在400g/cm^2以上者則為不合格品。影響果實品質之因素甚為複雜，除氣候環境無法克服外，加強果園管理工作為提高果實品質的主要方法。如整枝與修剪可改變結果枝的形狀、葉片數、結果枝部位；利用施肥與生育診斷技術，可達到生產優良果品的生育標準；改善果園土壤理化性，可使根部有舒適的生長環境，塑造使植株健康的結果樹勢；以上均為提高植株生產力與品質的主要條件。上述果園管理工作，必須在各生育階段適時進行作業外，調節結果量為直接影響品質的田間工作，在果實生長期之花穗修剪、疏果、疏穗、套袋等作業程序，也必須適時配合得宜，才能生產優良果品。

並列摘要

The production of loquat is not stable, low yield and low quality at the beginning of developmental stage due to the following factors: lack of proper cultural practices, lack of research data, not understanding the growth habit of loquat tree. As the high quality of fruit is urgently demand in local market, the improvement of cultural technique for loquat is needed. The condition of high quality of loquat fruit is appearance, fruit hardness, sugar content and flavor. The first grade of loquat fruit should possess the following characteristic: sugar content is above 11.5° Brix, hardness is below 280 g/cm^2; for 2nd grade and 3rd grade, the sugar content is 10.5° and 9.0° Brix, the hardness is among 300-400 g/cm^2 and above 400 g/cm^2, respectively. The factors that affect the fruit quality of loquat is quite complicated, but improvement of field management operation in the orchard is very important. This management operations include: pruning technique, proper fertilization, growth diagnosis, improvement of soil property, proper flower thinning, fruit thinning and bagging during fruit growth stage.