更新修剪對枇杷花芽形成及果實品質之影響

Effect of Renewal Pruning on Flower Bud Formation and Fruit Quality of Loquat

張林仁(Lin-Ren Chang) ； 林嘉興(Jia-Hsing Lin)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 34號 (1994/06) Pp. 51-60

https://doi.org/10.29563/ZHWHGX.199406.0004

摘要

台灣枇杷栽培為便於田間管理作業及避免颱風災害，採用矮化整枝栽培法，但樹型過於矮化使新梢生長勢強，果園管理上稍為疏忽會造成花芽形成困難。因此，每年在花芽分化期之前必須以拉枝誘引或其他控制新梢生長方法，才能提高花芽形成率，以維持結果的穩定性。但是，經過多年反覆拉枝誘引，無葉片的細弱老枝隨樹齡而加長，使樹冠內老枝密佈，經常發生不定芽，增加疏芽之勞力，且正常生育枝容易弱化，無法塑造優良結果枝的形質，影響果實肥大與品質。在樹冠下的細弱老枝容易感染灰斑病、芽枯病、赤衣病及被樹幹上的天牛為害，而縮短經濟結果年限。枇杷樹冠內老枝交錯密佈，不但影響生產力，且果園作業不方便；在果實採收後在大枝條分枝部份進行更新修剪，可誘發枝幹上的隱芽萌芽生長，經適當的疏芽與生育調節，可以在當年培養成強健的結果枝。但更新修剪樹之新梢生長旺盛，若管理稍為不慎，容易錯失當年花芽分化時期，而影響當年的結果。故於新梢生長期，需依據當地氣候及新梢生長情形，調節新梢之適當生長量，才能穩定產量與品質。

並列摘要

The dwarfing form of loquat training method is to avoid the typhoon damage and convenient for field management. But over dwarfing of tree form will enhance shoot growth and reduce the flower bud formation. The routine practice is to training the shoot before flower bud initiation stage, and hence increase the percentage of flower bud formation. The long term training of shoot, resulted in many weaker branches without leaves, old branches crowed inside the canopy, occurrence of water shoot, no normal fruiting shoot and lower fruit quality. This crowed canopy not only affect the productivity of tree, but also affect field management. This could be improved by renewal pruning on larger branches after harvesting, to induce the latent bud germination in stem. After proper thinning and growth adjustment, the vigorous fruiting shoots could be developed this year, to ensure the stable production of fruit yield and quality.