甜柿肥培管理技術

台灣地區甜柿於2002年栽培約2,142公頃面積逐漸增加，目前甜柿營養與肥培管理等相關研究資料甚少，果農肥培管理多參考日本資料，因日本之氣候、環境與台灣迥然不同，常發生肥培管理等諸多問題。甜柿果樹施肥方法，基肥於休眠期以開溝條施或穴施，生育期分二、三次施追肥，依甜柿果樹生理及營養需求，採用撒施，施少量肥料補充養分。台灣地區甜柿栽培每公頃種植約400棵左右，依甜柿果樹結果及營養生長需求而異，以15年生甜柿果樹為例，三要素肥料推薦用量氮素180公斤／公頃，磷酐75公斤／公頃，氧化鉀120公斤／公頃，分別在甜柿落葉後（基肥）施氮肥50%、磷肥100%、鉀肥40%；幼果生長期（分一、二次施肥）施氮肥30%、鉀肥20%，果實肥大期施氮肥20%，鉀肥40%。目前農家施肥調查以15年生甜柿，三要素肥料用量氮素276公斤／公頃、磷酐321公斤／公頃、氧化鉀366公斤／公頃，均較推薦用量增加氮素1.5倍、磷酐4.3倍及氧化鉀3倍用量。甜柿果園均有過量施肥，建議果農應依各果園土壤肥力狀況，營養需求量，施肥記錄與環境、氣候、病蟲害情形，來增加或減少肥料用量。

關鍵字

甜柿；肥培管理；氮肥；鉀肥

並列摘要

In Taiwan, non-astringent persimmon cultured area had reach 2,142ha and increased each year. But less report focus on nutrient analysis and fertilizer application. Farmer also get the information from Japan, but there are different type environment for non-astringent persimmon growth, so, many problems happen on fertilizer management. The fertilizer application method of non-astringent persimmon was: first fertilizer use at dormancy stage of tree with ditch or pore release, add fertilizer 2~3 times at growth stage, the quantity of fertilizer applied was depend on its physiology situation. In Taiwan, each hectare planted 400 individual plant. The suggested fertilizer application quantity for 15 years tree was N 180 kg/ha, P 75 kg/ha, K 120 kg/ha. The application time was after leaf fall, N 50%, P 100% and K 40%, young fruit formation stage (twice apply) N 30%, K 20%. Fruit growth stage N 20%, K 40%. From our investigation we found former applied fertilizer quantity are N 276 kg/ha, P 321 kg/ha and K 366 kg/ha. They were all over-amount to our suggest quantity of fertilizer (N 1.5 double, P 4.3 double, K 3 double). Because farmers use too much fertilizer, so we suggest everyone must depend on their garden soil analysis data to decide the suitable fertilizer application quantity.

並列關鍵字

non-astringent persimmon ； fertilization management ； nitrogen fertilizer ； potassium fertilizer

國際替代計量

甜柿肥培管理技術

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