歐盟整合與波蘭區域發展：一個試探性的研究

European Union Integration and Regional Development in Poland: An Exploratory Case Study

施富盛(Fu-Sheng Shih)

《全球化與多元文化學報》 3期 (2015/12) Pp. 53-94

摘要

本研究主要目的在於了解2004 年波蘭加入歐盟前後，歐盟如何透過各種政策而實質影響波蘭區域發展?同時，波蘭在國體改制至入盟時，當局又是如何在制度上順利引進歐盟資源，進而帶動國內各區域之發展?因此，本研究首先針對歐盟對於波蘭入盟前後之援助進行整理，並了解波蘭當局對於區域及地方發展之相關歐盟補助之引介。其次，本研究針對2004 年至2006 年歐盟對於波蘭各省之補助與各省外來直接投資情形進行初步之觀察，初步提出四種類型：第一類型為歐盟補助高且外來直接投資表現好之省份，代表省份為馬佐夫舍省。第二類型為歐盟補助低但外來直接投資表現高，如小波蘭省。第三類型則為歐盟補助高但外來直接投資表現低之省份，如盧布林省等。第四類型為歐盟補助地且外來直接投資表現低之省份，如波德拉謝省。透過此多元類型之觀察，本研究指出歐盟補助對於波蘭各省外來直接投資並無決定性之影響。如馬佐夫舍省與波德拉謝省本身之地理條件、經濟社會發展歷史於歐盟介入前已為國內排名之首位及末位，同時歐盟區域政策對於小波蘭省之援助亦無法解釋其高表現之外來直接投資情形。本研究指出，波蘭政經轉型後之地方社會發展，地方當局及其他部門如何根據地方傳統共同形塑共識、擬定發展策略亦為轉型後地方或區域社會發展之重要因素。

關鍵字

中東歐 ； 歐盟區域政策 ； 歐盟基金 ； 波蘭 ； 地方發展

並列摘要

The research purpose of this project is to understand the influence of European Unionon Polish regional developmentbefore and after the Poland’s EU accession in 2004, especially from the view point of social-economic development. For this purpose, the researcher has first examined certain financial aid from the European Union before the accession of Poland to the EU and after.The researcher has also reviewed the introducing of EU financial aid to local society and the growth of FDI in Polish regional territories (voivodeship /województwo). According to the results of this research, we may suggest to categorize the influence of European regional integration on Polish regional development into four types: the first type refers to the regions where we may find comparative high European subsidies and high growth of FDI, for example the Mazowieckie Województwo; the second type is regions those with comparative lower EU aid but still keep high performance of FDI, such as Małopolskie; the third type, opposite to the previous type that shows high EU subsidies but lower growth of FDI, for example the Lubelskie; and the last types is regions that keep comparatively lower performance of FDI and receive also fewer financial aid from the EU. However, when examining the local economic situation before the accession we may find that in some regions the social-economic situation has no obvious improvement or changes before and after the accession. For instance, the geographic and social economic development of Mazowieckie Województwo and Podlaskie Województwo maintain the same after the EU intervention.Furthermore, it is also difficult to explain the correlation between the EU aid based on the union’s regional policy and the FDI situation in Małopolskie Województwo.We may suppose that in certain regions the local social, demographic and geographic situations are the more significant factors which influence more on local development.

並列關鍵字

Central and Eastern Europe ； EU regional policy ； EU funds ； Poland ； local development