水資源的安全與戰略意涵

Security and Strategic Implications of Water Resources

林泰和(Tai-Ho Lin)

《國際政治與經濟論叢》 2期 (2014/12) Pp. 49-79

摘要

水資源對於生態、動植物以及人類生存以至於國家安全有關鍵性的影響。近年來由於世界人口持續成長，加上氣候變遷的環境因素，使得水資源議題，以及衍生的相關安全與戰略意涵，更加值得重視。在安全面向，水資源缺乏或氾濫，將造成戰爭、糧食、疾病與遷徙的安全威脅，造成讓許多國家內部動盪及區域緊張情勢惡化。在戰略面向，水資源可以成為國家影響力的工具、戰爭的武器以及恐怖份子的工具。因此水資源不但具有非傳統安全的特性，水資源的爭奪與管理更將使得國家之間的衝突不可避免。本文將從國際關係安全與戰略的角度，探討水資源引起的安全威脅以及國家與恐怖組織，如何經由水資源的控制，達到其戰略的目的。

關鍵字

水資源 ； 氣候變遷 ； 安全 ； 戰略 ； 環境安全

並列摘要

Water resources have critical impacts on ecology, plants and animals, human survival and national security. Due to the growing world population and the environmental factors of climate change, the issues on the scarcity of water resources and the implications of related security and strategy are drawing more attention. From the perspective of security, the scarcity of water resources will lead to the security threat of war, food, disease, and migration and it will result in internal unrest in many countries and make the regional tension worse. From the perspective of strategy, water resources could be tools of national influence, weapons of war and tools of terrorists. The water resources have the characteristic of non-traditional security. The competition and the management of the water resources will cause inevitable conflicts between nations. This paper aims to discuss the security threats generated by the water resources and explain how states and terrorist organizations achieve their strategic purposes via the control of water resources from the perspectives of security and strategy.

並列關鍵字

water resources ； climate change ； security ； strategy ； environmental security