民眾基改食品立場對基改食品風險感知與世界觀的聯結分析

The relationship of the public's GM food position, risk perception, and worldview

邱玉蟬(Yu-Chan Chiu)

《傳播與發展學報》 36期 (2021/12) Pp. 1-20

https://doi.org/10.6544/JCD.202112_(36).0001

摘要

過去研究民眾的基改食品態度與立場的研究，大多以量化研究探究認知、風險與利益感知等比較微觀的角度，而且研究結果並不一致。本研究則從比較巨觀的角度探討民眾的世界觀與他們基改食品立場的關聯。本研究以半結構深度訪談37位民眾。研究發現民眾對基改食品的立場分成三類，支持、反對與立場模糊／矛盾／中立。立場模糊／矛盾／中立者持有傳統世界觀，他們對於基改食品抱持著懷疑的態度，但是當基改食品比較便宜、方便購買時，他們願意承擔其風險。不過，選擇低價格的基改食品，有時是受限於經濟能力與資源；在生活現實中資源的有限與實作的壓力下，有些受訪者不得不選擇基改食品，即便他們有疑慮或者認為其違反自然律。支持基改食品者則展現了現代世界觀，強調基因改造技術能夠解決人類的問題，儘管可能有風險或危害，但只要利大於弊，都是可以接受的。反對基改食品者無論在面對基改食品或平常選購其他食品時，都展現了後現代世界觀。對他們而言，自然環境是不可被改變和介入的，不應違反自然的循環。

關鍵字

基改食品 ； 立場 ； 風險感知 ； 世界觀

並列摘要

Most past studies on public attitudes and stances on genetic modification (GM) of food were from relatively micro perspectives, such as cognition, perception of risk, and benefit. Most of them were quantitative studies, and the results of the studies were not consistent. This study takes a comparatively macro view to exploring the relationship of the public's GM food position, risk perception, and worldview. In-depth interviews with thirty-seven persons were conducted. The present study found that the interviewee's position on GM food can be categorized into three categories, support, opposition, and ambiguous/contradictory/neutral. Those people with ambiguous/contradictory/neutral positions hold a traditional worldview and are skeptical of GM foods. Still, when GM foods are cheaper and convenient to buy, they will take risks, showing that limited economic resources constrain people's choices. Those who support GM food have shown a modern worldview, emphasizing that GM food can solve human problems. Although there may be risks or harms, they are acceptable if the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. Those who oppose GM food have shown a post-modern worldview. They believe the natural environment cannot be changed and should not violate the cycle of nature.

並列關鍵字

Genetically Medicated food ； Position ； Risk perception ； Worldview ； Qualitative research