老年期聽損程度、聽覺表現、溝通策略與生活適應之相關研究

Relationship among Hearing Levels, Hearing Handicap, Communication Strategies, and Adjustment in the Elderly with Hearing Impaired

劉俊榮(Chun-Jung Liu) ； 羅敦信(Tun-Shin Lo)

《障礙者理解半年刊》 13卷2期 (2014/06) Pp. 1-18

https://doi.org/10.6513/TJUID.2014.13(2).1

摘要

本研究目的在探討老年期聽損程度、聽覺表現、溝通策略與生活適應的關係。研究對象有195名，年紀都在55歲以上，聽力正常者37人，輕度、中度、中重度、重度以上聽損者各有39、40、43、以及36人，配戴助聽器者有62人，沒有配戴者131人。在聽力檢查室檢測完畢後，填寫老年聽覺表現量表（25題）、溝通策略量表（16題）、以及生活適應量表（22題）。研究結果發現不同聽損程度的年長者在溝通上較偏向於積極面對的因應策略；在聽覺表現上，隨著聽損程度的增加，其聽覺表現會愈差，亦即聽力損失愈多者，其社會情境的溝通與情緒的表現越差；在生活適應上，聽常年長者優於聽損程度輕度以上者，而聽損者之間則無顯著差異，亦即無論聽損程度多寡，都會造成生活適應上的問題。聽損程度、聽覺表現、溝通策略、以及生活適應的相關，僅有聽損程度與溝通策略沒有達到統計顯著外，其餘兩兩之間的相關都達到顯著。根據研究結果，本研究建議未來在實務與研究上，能找到更多和溝通策略一樣，能調節聽力損失對於聽覺表現與生活適應影響的變項，以促進年長者的聽覺表現與生活適應，並進一步探討變項間的關係，以建立老年期生活適應的理論模型。

關鍵字

聽力損失 ； 聽覺障礙 ； 溝通策略 ； 生活適應 ； 年長者

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship among hearing handicap, communication strategies, and adjustment in the elderly with hearing impaired. 195 subjects above 55 years were recruited in this study. There were 37 subjects with normal hearing, and 39, 40, 43, and 36 subjects with slight, mild, marked, severe, and extreme hearing loss, respectively. There were 62 subjects with hearing aids. After hearing test, All subjects completed The Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (25 items), Communication Strategies Inventory (16 items), and Life Adjustment Inventory (22 items). The results of this study indicated the elderly trended to use the confronted strategies to copy the problems from hearing loss. The hearing handicap of subjects will be increased with the hearing threshold. It showed the more the hearing loss, the more handicap the subjects had. Also, this study found the life adjustment of subjects with normal hearing was better than that the subjects with hearing loss had. But there were no difference among various hearing level. There were significant relationship among the hearing threshold, communication strategies, hearing handicap, and adjustment, except between hearing threshold and communication strategies. According the present findings, this study suggests to find more variables, such as communication strategies, which can moderate the impacts of hearing loss on the hearing handicap and life adjustment. This can degrade the hearing handicap and promote life adjustment of the elderly with hearing loss. Moreover, the more variables might be used to construct the model of life adjustment of the elderly with hearing loss.

並列關鍵字

hearing loss ； hearing handicap ； communication strategy ； adjustment ； the elderly