增強式阻力訓練是否增強青少年跆拳道運動員改變方向的能力

Can plyometric training enhance ability of change direction in young Taekwondo athletes?

王翔星(Hsiang-Hsin Wang) ； 李文娟(Wen-Chuan Lee) ； 湯惠婷(Hui-Ting Tang)

《運動表現期刊》 5卷1期 (2018/06) Pp. 27-33

https://doi.org/10.3966/240996512018060501004

摘要

緒論：運動員具備好的敏捷有助於整體競技表現，但敏捷受到直線衝刺能力及下肢爆發力的影響。雖然研究證實阻力訓練可有效增強下肢肌力與爆發力，但以牽張-縮短循環 (stretch-shortening cycle, SSC) 的原理，強化肌肉快速離心後瞬間向心收縮能力的增強式阻力訓練，能否強化青少年運動員之敏捷能力尚未經研究充分證實。本研究的目的是探討五週增強式阻力訓練是否增強青少年運動員的敏捷能力。方法: 以高中體育班運動員為受試者，隨機分為增強式訓練組 (plyometric training group, PTG) 及控制組 (control group, CG)。PTG 進行五週增強式阻力訓練，每週2 次，每次40 分鐘，CG 不接受增強式阻力訓練。二組均於訓練前、後進行各項能力檢測。所得資料以混合設計二因子變異數分析比較組間各依變項的差異情形。當交互作用達顯著時，則分別進行獨立樣本單純主要效果檢定及相依樣本單純主要效果檢定。顯著水準定為α=.05。結果：PTG 的反向跳與T 折返跑獲得顯著增強效果 (p＜ .05)。此外，PTG 的反向跳與T 折返跑進步百分比亦顯著高於CG(p＜ .05)。結論： 增強式阻力訓練介入青少年跆拳道運動員的訓練計畫中，可提高下肢爆發力的表現並增強代表改變方向能力的T 折返跑速度。

關鍵字

直線衝刺 ； 反向跳 ； T 敏捷測驗 ； 505 敏捷測驗

並列摘要

Introduction: Agility is an important aspect of almost every sport. It is influenced by several factors such as straight sprint, leg muscle qualities. One way to improve these attributes is plyometric resistance training. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a 5 week plyometric resistance training program on the agility performance of adolescent athletes. Methods: 17 male young athletes were randomly divided into a plyometric training group (PTG, n =9) or a control group (CG, n = 8). PTG completed a 5 week plyometric resistance training program that included 2 training sessions per week. Before and after the training period, countermovement jump, 15 meters sprint, T agility test and 505 agility test were evaluated. Data were analyzed by using mixed design of two-way ANOVA to compare the difference within groups, and the difference of training effects between groups. Results: Following the 5 weeks of training, PTG had significant improvements in countermovement jump (p ＜ .01) and T agility test (p ＜ .05). Besides, PTG had significant higher percentage of progress in countermovement jump and T agility test (p ＜ .05) than CO. Conclusions: Plyometric resistance training could enhance countermovement jump and T agility performance. Hence, plyometric resistance training is a great training method for improving agility in adolescent athletes.

並列關鍵字

straight sprint ； countermovement jump ； T agility test ； 505 agility test

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