水下文化遺產保護公約架構下之國際合作機制

The International Cooperation Mechanism of the Framework under the 2001 UCH Convention

傅瓊慧(Chiung-Hui Fu)

《海洋事務與政策評論》 4卷1期 (2016/11) Pp. 111-134

https://doi.org/10.6546/MAPR.2016.4(1)111

摘要

聯合國教育、科學及文化組織於2001年通過《水下文化遺產保護公約》，2009年1月2日正式生效，揭櫫了水下遺址以現地保存為最優先考量、不得進行商業開採、國際合作、資訊共享及教育培訓等幾項重要原則。其中國際合作為貫徹公約保護水下文化遺產之最重要精神及作法，公約第8條至第13條為國際合作建立步驟及體制，並體現於內國法化、通知報告、協調、禁止非法買賣和打撈；第19條至第21條則規範了水下文化遺產保護管理、資訊共享、公眾教育與人員培訓合作。水下文化遺產相較於其他文化遺產業務涉外性高，我國四面環海，擁有豐富的水下文化遺產資源，自應積極參與區域國際事務，避免因國際政治現實而被邊緣化，本文將藉由瞭解教科文組織水下文化遺產國際合作之機制，推演我國可能參與之途徑及模式，以擴展文化外交。

關鍵字

水下文化遺產 ； 水下文化遺產保護公約 ； 國際合作 ； 能力建構 ； 水下文化資產保存法

並列摘要

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization adopted ＂Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage＂ in 2001, and entered into force on 2 January, 2009. The Convention consists of several main principles as in situ preservation as first option, no commercial exploitation, international cooperation, training and information sharing. International cooperation is the most important factor of the implementation of the Convention on the protection of UCH. Article 8 to article 13 of the Convention establish procedures and systems of international cooperation, and should be reflected in the national law, notification, reporting, coordination and the control of illegal dealing and recovery. Article 19 to article 21 of the Convention regulate the management of underwater cultural heritage protection, information sharing, public education and the cooperation of personnel training. The protection of UCH shall highly involve in the international affairs. Our country is surround by the sea, has rich UCH resources. We should participate in the regional and international cooperation actively to avoid being marginalized by international political realities. This article will discuss the international cooperation mechanism of the framework under the 2001 UCH Convention, infer the best ways to Taiwan to join the international cooperation system of UCH.