論船舶法遊艇專章設立對遊艇產業發展之變革

A Study on the Reform of Yacht Industry in Development Impacted by the Establishment of the Law of Ships Yacht's Chapter

李柏諺(Baiyan Li) ； 許旻棋(Minqi Xu)

《海洋事務與政策評論》 6卷1期 (2018/01) Pp. 119-140

https://doi.org/10.6546/MAPR.201801_6(1).119

摘要

臺灣遊艇從過去單純工業製造及外銷發展至今已逐步朝全方位產業方向發展，不過尚面臨管理組織、法規、政策及文化教育主管機關各自為政之情形，導致遊艇產業發展窒礙難行。本文藉文獻及國外案例，評論分析臺灣整體遊艇產業合適的發展方向。目前臺灣遊艇之問題綜合分析結果歸納如下：（一）管理機關雖然都依據船舶法第71條設立港埠，但由於各主管機關性質不同，導致於設立後之經營層面又依據各主管機關法規規範遊艇港埠發展，造成船友或業者需適應不同管理機關及法規；（二）臺灣在國際遊艇駕照認證尚未建立換照制度，導致具有國際遊艇駕照之遊客攜帶駕照來台時無法從事遊艇租賃活動；（三）南星遊艇產業專區受限於環境影響評估導致開發商退出開發，造成遊艇業者無法如期進駐園區使用，及遊艇產業資源尚屬分散運作之情形；（四）遊艇教育人才培育上，由於產官學界未研擬出一套合適輔導就業機制，導致每年從學校畢業之遊艇人才僅有少數投入本業服務。藉由國外案例的評估分析可知，遊艇產業由專責機關及專法管理的方式提供各式遊艇型態之服務及發展，可減少管理及環境開發上的衝突與糾紛，落實遊艇產業多樣化之目的。因此針對臺灣改善遊艇各項目發展，發揮最大使用效能及提升遊艇整體產業方面，建議遊艇發展策略期程規劃如下：（一）在遊艇港埠管理機關及法規部分，需研擬提出專責管理機關及專責法規以利行政管理明確化；（二）儘速建置國際遊艇駕照換證制度，以利國際遊艇觀光客來臺灣時可以直接租賃遊艇從事觀光活動；（三）南星遊艇產業專區需儘速提出符合環評條件之規範文件及執行方法，以利遊艇產業資源之整合；（四）遊艇教育人才培育部分，產官學界應共同研擬出一套合宜的就業輔導機制，藉以讓遊艇人才順利進入產業就業。

關鍵字

遊艇港 ； 國際遊艇駕照 ； 遊艇產業專區 ； 遊艇教育人才培育

並列摘要

Taiwan's yacht industry has moved from export-based development in the past towards a comprehensive industrialization model while the industry is still facing the situation of the competent authorities each getting his own way in the management of organizations, regulations, policies and cultural education, which has led to the predicament that can not be connected with the whole industry. Through a comprehensive analysis by the authors, the current problem of the yacht industry in Taiwan is summarized as: 1) Although the management authorities have set up ports in accordance with Article 71 of the Law of Ships, the operation of the yacht port is regulated by the competent authorities with different nature according to their own rules and regulations after the establishment of the ports, which has resulted in boatmen or vessel-related industries needing to adapt to different management organs and regulations; 2) Taiwan has not yet established a conversion system for international yacht driver license, and it has resulted in visitors with an international yacht driver license failing to engage in yacht charter activities; 3) since the development of Nanxing Yacht Manufacturing Zone is limited by the impact of environmental assessment, it has led developers to withdraw from the development plan, yacht related industries not to be stationed in the zone as scheduled and yacht industry resources to be stagnated in decentralized operation; 4) in yacht personnel training, the industry, government and academia have not developed a set of appropriate counseling and employment mechanism, and it has resulted in only a small number of yacht talents graduating from school every year joining the industry. Through the evaluation and analysis of foreign cases, it is better for the yacht industry to be provided with various types of yacht service and development under the management of the specialized agencies and specific laws in order to reduce conflicts and disputes in management and environmental development and further to carry out the objective of the diversification of yacht industry. In order to improve the development of yacht projects in Taiwan, maximize its use efficiency and upgrade the overall yacht industry, it has been recommended in the yacht development strategy and plan as follows: 1) In the yacht- and port-based management authorities and regulations, it needs to set up a dedicated authority and specific laws and regulations governing the related business in order to facilitate the establishment of clear and definite administrative management; 2) to establish the conversion system for international yacht driver license as soon as possible to facilitate the tourists with international yacht driver license to engage in yacht charter activities when they visit Taiwan; 3) Nanxing Yacht Manufacturing Zone shall submit the standard documents and implementation methods in line with the conditions of environmental assessment as soon as possible so as to facilitate the integration of the resources of yacht industry; 4) in yacht personnel training, the industry, government and academia should develop collectively a set of appropriate counseling and employment mechanism to help yacht talents to obtain employment in the industry accordingly.

並列關鍵字

Yacht port ； international yacht driver license ； yacht industry zone ； yacht personnel training