雙法體系物語：水下文化遺產保護公約在臺灣

A Tale of Two Legal Systems: UCH Convention in Taiwan

吳培福

《海洋事務與政策評論》 7卷1期 (2019/03) Pp. 1-55

https://doi.org/10.6546/MAPR.201903_7(1).1

摘要

歷經近二十年漫長之內部倡議、研討及起草過程，臺灣終於在2016年底完成聯合國教育、科學與文化組織「水下文化遺產保護公約」內國法化之全部工程，制（訂）定了水下文化資產保存法及其相關授權子法，並完整建構臺灣保存、保護與管理水下文化資產之法律體制。本文透過初步辨識或界定此一立法過程中所出現之阻礙與延宕，發現該等阻礙與延宕非僅是因新興事務內國法化所引發之不適應，部分更是前述法令草案背後所代表之普通法系立法精神或原則，與臺灣以大陸法系為基礎之立法習慣之間，所產生之衝突與必須完成之調和。

關鍵字

水下文化遺產保護公約 ； 內國法化 ； 法系 ； 普通法 ； 大陸法

並列摘要

After nearly two decades of initiating, debating, and drafting, Taiwan has finally accomplished the engineering of incorporating the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage into its domestic laws on preservation, protection, and management of underwater cultural heritage, namely the Underwater Cultural Heritage Preservation Act and its enforcement rules. This paper preliminarily finds that the rebound and delay of the legislative process are not merely caused by the maladaptation of incorporating the international treaty in the national legal system. The more fundamental reasons are the conflicts and reconciliations between the legislative principles of the common law system represented in the draft acts and the legislative custom based on Taiwan's civil law system.

並列關鍵字

Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage ； incorporation ； legal system ； common law ； civil law