雙贏或衝突－論水下文化資產保存法中有關水域開發利用與水下文化資產保存之規定

Win-win or Conflict: the Regulations on and Preservation of Cultural Heritage in the Underwater Cultural Heritage Preservation Act

傅瓊慧(Chiung-Hui Fu)

《海洋事務與政策評論》 7卷1期 (2019/03) Pp. 57-86

https://doi.org/10.6546/MAPR.201903_7(1).57

摘要

水下文化資產因長期處於海床或底土，與其周遭環境達相對穩定之保存狀態，惟海流、颱風、地震等自然因素，以及海域區工程開發行為、涉及海床或底土之活動卻可能對其造成不可逆之破壞，因此在從事上述行為或活動前應做好調查評估及預防措施。我國《環境影響評估法》對於應實施環境影響評估之開發行為及評估細目定有詳細之規範，文化資產亦為其評估細目之一；民國104年12月9日公布施行之《水下文化資產保存法》第9條第1項亦規定，應進行環境影響評估之開發行為，或政府機關（構）與公營事業機構於策定或核定涉及水域之開發、利用計畫前，應先行調查所涉水域有無水下文化資產或疑似水下文化資產。本文藉由〈水域開發利用前水下文化資產調查及處理辦法〉立法過程之參與，研析條文之架構規範，並提出後續建議。

關鍵字

水下文化遺產 ； 環境影響評估 ； 水下文化資產保存法

並列摘要

Since most of the underwater cultural heritage remain in water for a long time, they have stably coexisted with their surrounding environment. However, natural factors such as currents, typhoons, earthquakes, as well as the constructive activities of sea area or the activities involved seabed or subsoil may lead to the irreversible destruction of the heritage. It shall be carried out the investigation, assessment and preventive measures before engaging in such activities. Taiwan's ＂Environmental Impact Assessment Act＂ formulate detailed regulations on the environmental impact assessment of developmental activities, the cultural heritage is one of the items of assessment. The Article 9, paragraph 1 of ＂Underwater Cultural Heritage Preservation Act,＂ which promulgated on December 9, 2015, is also provided for the environmental impact assessment of developmental activities, or government agencies (institutions) and public enterprises make a decision or ratify a plan concerning development and utilization of waters. It is required to conduct a prior investigation related to the existence of underwater cultural heritage or suspected underwater cultural heritage. Through the participation of the legislative process in Article 9 of ＂Underwater Cultural Heritage Preservation Act＂ and ＂Regulation Related to Preliminary Investigation and Processing of Underwater Cultural Heritage Prior to Water Area Exploitation and Utilization＂, this article try to analyze the framework norms of the provisions and the follow-up suggestions.

並列關鍵字

underwater cultural heritage ； environmental impact assessment ； Underwater Cultural Heritage Preservation Act