林語堂「讀書成名」的生命腳本初探

本文旨在說明文人作家林語堂「讀書成名」的成就動機。在書寫構思上，乃選取具有心理傳記意義的重要概念：戀母情結、原型情景（prototypical scene）以及角色楷模，作為林語堂生命腳本初探的途徑。首先，戀母情結的分析，揭示林語堂誠實面對自己的信念。佛洛依德曾描述：「一個母親所特別鍾愛的孩子，一生都有身為征服者的感覺，由於這種成功的自信，往往就引致真的成功」（Freud, Grubrich-Simitis, & Freud, 1978/1985）。在眾多子女之中，母親對林語堂的鍾愛溢於言表，可能是驅使林語堂讀書成名的動力。其次，二姐美宮受限於傳統女性命運，無緣追求知識殿堂，出嫁前贈予林語堂四角錢，期勉他好好讀書。因此，以「二姐嫁衣的四角錢」作為林語堂一生讀書成名的主要原型情景。文末說明林語堂的青年角色楷模認同可能潛在地受到梁啟超的影響，筆者認為梁啟超早已成為林語堂的精神導師與文學情人，促使其成為引領時代風騷的文人作家。

關鍵字

心理傳記；原型情景；生命腳本

並列摘要

This article aims to explain the famous writer Lin Yutang's philosophy of ＂reading-for-fame＂ achievement motivation. Important psychobiographical concepts such as Oedipus complex, prototypical scene and role modeling are selected as an approach leading to the life script study of Lin Yutang. Firstly, on the analysis of Oedipus complex, Lin Yutang reveals his honest belief. Freud has described that ＂A man who has been the indisputable favorite of his mother keeps for life the feeling of a conqueror, that confidence of success that often induces real success＂ (Freud, Grubrich-Simitis, & Freud, 1978/1985). Among the many children, Lin Yutang's mother loves him obviously more than other children. This may be a drive leading to his reading-for-fame philosophy. Secondly, due to the traditional female fate, the second elder sister Mei-Gong has no opportunity to pursue knowledge and learning. She donates Lin Yutang four dimes money before marriage and tells him to study hard. Therefore, the sentence of ＂the four dimes money from the second elder sister's wedding dress＂ is formulated as the main prototypical scene of Lin Yutang's philosophy of reading for fame. Finally, this article explains the young Lin Yutang's role modeling may be potentially affected by Liang Qichao. The author of this article argues that Liang has become Lin Yutang's spiritual mentor, literature lover, and has facilitated Lin Yutang to become a famous writer.