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心理傳記學方法學之探究:從後實證到後現代的發展

An Exploration to Methodology of Phychobiography: From Postpositivism to Postmodernism

摘要


心理傳記學是有系統的採用心理學的理論和方法進行個體生命研究的一門學科。心理傳記學的爭議性常反映於對個體生命經常有的不同敘述和詮釋,這些爭議也包含不適當證據、重建、化約主義等諸多議題。好的方法學可以幫助我們提升心理傳記的研究品質。Runyan的準司法程序與du Plessis所提出逐步法,兩者皆為具有後實證主義的心理傳記研究方法之代表,他們均提出了心理傳記學研究的良好指標。在後現代思潮的影響下,審視現象學、主體性與反身性、詮釋學等觀點對於心理傳記研究的諸多影響,從研究者自身位置的反思及互為主體性的討論,讓「個人的生命鑲嵌在歷史社會文化脈絡中」的觀點,透過不斷產生新的理解與詮釋,將形成「視域之融合」,藉以突破理解的局限。

並列摘要


Psychobiography is a study that systematically adopts theories and methods of psychology in order to conduct individual life researches. As controversies of psychobiography show, there are usually multiple ways to narrate and interpret the life of an individual, and there are also issues including inappropriate evidence, reconstruction, reductionism, etc. Good methodology would be able to help us enhance research quality. Runyan's quasi-judicial process and du Plessis's step-wise approach both represent postpositivism research method in psychobiographical study, they came up with good pointers this approach needs. Under the impact of postmodernism, influential concepts such as phenomenology, subjectivity and reflexivity, hermeneutics, and others are contemplated. Moreover, the discussion of reflexivity on researcher's position as well as inter-subjectivity makes it possible to generate new understanding and new interpretation, so to achieve "fusion of horizons," keeping on breaking limitations of former understandings.

參考文獻


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