理論即生命經驗：太虛大師的人生佛教為例

活躍於民國初年的太虛大師不但開啟了中國佛教的現代化，同時也深刻的影響了整個人間佛教的發展。然而有關於太虛的研究一向偏重於理論以及他的佛教事業的討論，對於他理論與個人經驗之間的關係，仍然缺少系統性的討論。本文以心理傳記的研究方式，透過早年經驗、宗教經驗以及情境經驗這三個交疊的因素，探討太虛宗教理論形成背後的動力。首先透過對他早期的論述與行動的了解，分析早年經驗對於他優越情結的形成的影響，以及它如何影響太虛對佛教真理式的信仰。其次透過太虛三次宗教體驗，討論他從佛教經典與宗教體悟交互辯證發展出來的宗教觀點。最後探討太虛面對不同對話對象而發展不同詮釋方式，來說明他理論多變的原因。在正面討論太虛理論的內容之後，本文認為太虛的佛教觀點基本上是建立在自身學習與宗教經驗的基礎上，但是他在面對印度佛教史的新發現中，似乎還有一些等待釐清和統整的空間。

關鍵字

太虛；人生佛教；設位理論；早年經驗；高峰經驗

並列摘要

Fan-ci Chang was the first female HakkaTaiwanese poet who published a poetry anthology in Hakka dialect, ＂Tien Gong Ngid＂ (Tomorrow). The research materials are her publications and dictated biography data collected by various authors. From the psychobiographical approach, this article attempts to interpret how she demonstrates the agency and subjectivity within her social-culture state. This research not only concerns the social-culture state she was in, but also the importance of childhood experiences. In order to understand the poet's social -psychological status, the analysis is combined by chronological publication of her books and life development process.Studied from her poetry anthology; before age 30 Fan-Ci has the desire and impulse of ＂Yue Gui＂ (Derail). Also she composed a life impression of ＂Yu shi xiang lian＂ (In love with the poem). At age of 36, she expressed her commotion of life in ＂Hong se xuan wo＂ (Red vortex). During this stage, poetry became a force of resistance, fighting against herself and the whole system. When she became 41, she published ＂Tien gong ngid＂ (Tomorrow), which was written in her mother tongue and her affections for Hakka. It has turned poetry into the link of her shattered life. After age 47, ＂poetry＂ has become a ＂verb＂ to accomplish the completeness and energy of life. As quoted from her work, ＂In the name of Genghis Khan, conducted all the verbs＂. Her development process was general under the social culture and economic development at that time. It reflects the localization of female who was born in 1970s.