從「小腳」中蛻變與重生：張幼儀「做自已」的痛苦追尋

本文採取心理傳記學方法，並援引性別與文化的觀點，作為研究者理解的視框，針對徐志摩髮妻—張幼儀的生命進行探究。中國傳統文化形塑女性，以婚姻為終身歸宿，女人的生命意義侷限在婚姻與家庭，使女性失去自我。徐志摩懷抱自由主義浪漫情懷，成為中國第一個離婚男子，他的髮妻張幼儀，懷有身孕在異國被他遺棄，卻勇敢尊嚴的面對挫折，在歐洲重生。本文藉由張幼儀的生命經驗，理解在封建保守的年代，被認為「婚姻」失敗的女性，自我轉化的歷程，且進一步發現舊傳統的孝道價值觀，是成為她避免走上絕路的關鍵防線。雪恥的志氣，激發她突破的動力，逆境淬鍊她的韌力，加上新時代的思想，更促使她有機會走上獨立自主之路。一個傳統女性，在新舊文化的衝突中，重新尋回自我。

關鍵字

張幼儀；心理傳記；關係中的自我

並列摘要

This study based on an psychobiography approach and uses theories of gender and culture as the theoretical background for study. This study was designed to explore the life of Chang Yu-i (Xu zhimo’s first wife). Chinese traditional culture shaped women to marriage as a lifelong destination. The meaning of women’s life confined to marriage and family so that women lose themselves. Xu zhimo embrace liberal romantic feelings and want to be the first Chinese divorced man. He abandoned his pregnant wife Chang Yu-i in a foreign country. She showed great bravery and dignity in the face of frustration and rebirth in Europe. This study to explore the life experience of Chang Yu-I to comprehend who was thought of as failure ＂marriage＂ women in the feudal conservative era about the process and factors of self-transformation. The study found that the old traditional values of filial piety was the key defence to avoid her suicide. Her ambition of moving forward from that disgrace encouraged her to have the power to break through the difficulty. Adversity honed her resilience. The New Thought of the time prompted her to have the opportunity to embark on the road of independence. A traditional woman regained her self in the conflict between old and new culture.