布特曼與海德格：友誼以及在馬堡所共有的－儘管所有

Bultmann und Heidegger: Freundschaft und Marburger Gemeinsamkeit in der Sache- trotz allem

Hermann Deuser ； 李麗娟(Li-Chuan Lee)

《台灣神學論刊》 32期 (2010/12) Pp. 63-78

https://doi.org/10.29756/TJT.201012.0005

摘要

2009年出版的《布特曼∕海德格之信件交換1925－1975》是一部極具歷史意義的文件。它所承載的，不僅是對一份維持五十年之久的珍貴友誼的見證，而且由於交換信件的兩位主角分別是二十世紀的神學和哲學的代表人物，加上其所處時代的爭議、複雜和劇烈變動，使得其中所有的資料更顯寶貴。當代德國宗教哲學暨系統神學家H. Deuser，於該《信件交換》出版之後，即據此以及另一本Pöggeler所著相關的書，為文描述該文集所彰顯的重要意義。從Deuser身為祈克果研究專家的角度，特別凸顯布特曼與海德格研究事業中共同的主題：存在的思想，帶領讀者看到兩位學者在馬堡大學共處時，一起研究祈克果的《哲學片斷》、《約翰福音》以及路德神學等。這些切磋不難在二人日後發展的存在／詮釋神學以及存在／詮釋哲學看到蹤跡。過去一般所有的，布特曼神學受海德格哲學影響的印象，藉由此兩部涵載歷史文件的文集的出版，大大地得着澄清。Deuser的文中，也特別提出，納粹初期，海德格在弗萊堡大學的〈校長就職演說〉以及布特曼在馬堡大學的〈開學演講〉，是兩人在思想以及政治立場分歧的代表。過去對於布特曼似乎在納粹時期沉默的印象，也藉著這份演說的公開得以改變。儘管有這些內在和外在的差異、變遷產生，布特曼與海德格卻是堅持著兩人的友誼，直至二人老邁之時、時代劇變之後，仍是以詩和信件表達彼此的關懷、分享生活以及交換思想。或許這也是本信件文集至感人之處。

關鍵字

布特曼 ； 海德格 ； 神學 ； 哲學 ； 存在的詮釋

並列摘要

Published in 2009, Bultmann Heidegger's Exchange of Letters 1925- 1975 is a very precious collection of historical documents. It bears witness for a five-decade-long friendship. Furthermore, the fact that these two persons are the representatives of theology and philosophy in twentieth-century and that they lived in a controversial, complicated and dramatically changing epoch, makes the documents in it all the more valuable. Professor H. Deuser, contemporary German philosopher of religion and systematic theologian, wrote an article immediately after the publication of Exchange of Letters, describing the importance of this collection based on a related book by Pöggler. As an expert of Kierkegaard study, Deuser highlights in particular the common theme in the research enterprises of Bultmann and Heidegger: the existential thinking. He leads readers to see how the two scholars shared their times at the University of Marburg together, reading Kierkegaard's Philosophical Fragments, Gospel according to John and Lutheran theology. It is easy to find influences from their theories, which were developed later in the existential / hermeneutical theology and the existential / hermeneutical philosophy, respectively. A common impression earlier was that Bultmann's theology was influenced strongly by the philosophy of Heidegger. With the publication of these two historical documents, it has been clarified even greater. Deuser also points out that Heidegger's ＂Presidential Inaugural Address＂ at Freiburg University＂ and Bultmann's ＂Opening Ceremony Speech＂ at Marburg University in the beginning of Nazi's period marks the point where they diverge from each other in thinking and political stance. The impression that Bultmann seemed to keep silence during the Nazi period has been refuted with the publication of this speech too. Despite the generation of these internal and external differences or changes, Bultmann and Heidegger kept their friendship and went on exchanging letters and poetry to express their care for each other even until the two of them became very old. Maybe this is the most moving theme in this collection.

並列關鍵字

Rudolf Bultmann ； Martin Heidegger ； theology ； philosophy ； existential interpretation