從海岸平原濕地到山區垂直濕地－論濕地在國土空間計畫中氣候變遷調適之角色

From coastal wetlands to vertical wetlands - The role of wetlands in national spatial framework in the aspect of global climate change

郭瓊瑩(Monica Kuo)

《濕地學刊》 8卷1期 (2019/12) Pp. 1-13

摘要

濕地在全國國土空間結構中，因為其多元之生態服務功能扮演了重要角色。臺灣島嶼面積不大，但地形起伏具有三度空間之多樣化微氣候與微地形；因此，國人面對國土環境之氣候變遷調適，從歷史和地理之縱深而言，有其深刻的體悟。我國國土計畫法業於2016年1月6日公布，預定於2020年5月正式上路，並依序公告各縣市之國土計畫功能分區，此將攸關未來20年之全國國土生態資源保育與利用。本文擬就相關法令及現有全國濕地清單之區位與屬性，探討未來在國土計畫中全國性與各縣市之國土功能分區中，濕地之角色定位及可加乘的各項生態服務功能之最大化綜效。本文綜整與濕地相關之全國相關國土資源之空間分布，透過GIS疊圖分析，以及分別以區域型、都會型及社區型之濕地地區為案例進行探討，發現濕地資源之調查盤點與資料庫建置至為關鍵，其空間區位與網絡串連，將有助於減緩氣候變遷所造成之洪泛威脅與熱島效應，並增益各層級國土計畫中濕地生態網絡串連之完整性，以及強化與國土功能分區之相容性。

關鍵字

濕地 ； 國土計畫 ； 垂直濕地 ； 國土生態綠網 ； 濕地鑑界

並列摘要

The ecosystem services and functions of wetlands play a crucial role in national spatial framework as well as in its ecological network. Taiwan is an island country with relatively little plain areas. However, Taiwan encompasses a great variety of micro-land units and micro-climate units; this therefore resulted in highbiodiversity. The National Spatial Planning Act has been launched since January 1st 2016. Following this Act, each city and county's National Spatial Plan has to be officially proclaimed. This paper aimed to verify all the location and nature of all potential wetland sites based on the Ramsar Convention; to investigate the roles of different wetlands and their capacity for potential ecosystem services with respect to the classification categories of land functions. This paper integrated the spatial distribution data of wetlands from various nationwide land resources. By adopting GIS mapping analysis on regional, urban, and communal cases, this paper concluded that it would be crucial to survey wetland resources and build up wetland database. The spatial location and network system of wetland resources will contribute to important information for developing mitigation measures for flood threats and Heat Island Effect associated with climate change. Furthermore, this study would enhance the comprehensiveness of wetland ecological network in National Land Plan of all levels, as well as the compatibility of diversified functional zones in national land.

並列關鍵字

wetland ； National Spatial Framework ； vertical wetland ； National Ecological Network ； Wetland Delination