農業生態系統服務之效益評估-以台南休閒農場為例

Economic Valuation of Agroecosystem Services - An Example of Leisure Farms in Tainan

朱美琴(Mei-Chin Chu) ； 蔡明芳(Ming-Fang Tsai)

《首府休閒學報》 2卷1期 (2016/03) Pp. 39-64

https://doi.org/10.6586/TJLS.2016.2(1)2

摘要

台灣在2002年加入WTO，傳統農業遭受很大的衝擊，使得農地大量流失，部分農地轉型發展休閒觀光農業。由於農業本身具有豐富的自然生態資源，提供多樣化的生態系統服務功能，而休閒農業乃利用這些生態系統服務來吸引遊客。鑒於傳統農業的生態系統服務的效益被嚴重低估，本研究乃針對休閒農場的部分，評估農業生態系統服務的經濟價值。為了解休閒農業所提供的生態系統服務種類並估算其遊憩效益，本研究以台南地區四大休閒農場為例－包含大坑休閒農場、仙湖休閒農場、走馬瀨農場與南元休閒農場，利用隨機綜合效用模型來評估休閒農業的遊憩價值，針對各農場所具有之生態系統服務功能細分為生產功能、獨特景觀、生態功能以及特殊的地理環境等面向，評估其衍生的遊憩效益。在實證分析上，則利用混合羅吉斯模型估算各農場遊客之平均效益，得出結果以走馬瀨農場為最高，其次為開元休閒農場，而大坑休閒農場和仙湖休閒農場則較低，而這些值與所提供的生態系統服務功能有關。此評估結果亦顯示休閒農業提供的生態系統服務之經濟價值相當高，此結果可作為擬訂永續生態系統相關公共政策之參考依據。

關鍵字

農業生態系統服務 ； 生態系統服務價值評估 ； 休閒農業 ； 隨機效用模型

並列摘要

Traditional agriculture in Taiwan has been seriously impacted after becoming a member of WTO in 2002, so that a lot of farmland was converted into industrial use. Part of the farmland has transformed into recreational farms. Agriculture has various natural ecological resources and provides diversified ecological system services, such as crop production, water purification and environmental amenity. Recreational farms thus utilize these ecological system services to attract tourists. Due to the underestimation of the ecological benefits provided by agriculture, this study uses leisure farms as an example to evaluate the economic benefits of ecological system services provided by agriculture in Tainan. Four major leisure farms in Tainan are investigated to collect the data. Random Utility Model is adopted to estimate their recreational benefits from agricultural ecological system services, such as production, amenity, unique scenery, ecology, etc. This study uses a random utility model to evaluate the recreational benefits of agro-ecological system services provided by leisure farms in Tainan, including production, amenity, culture, and ecological functions. A mixed logit model (MXL) is employed to empirically estimate the average economic benefit for each farm. The result shows the ecological services provided by leisure farms are large. However, the value of each farm varies depending on the agro-ecological services it provides.

並列關鍵字

agroecosystem service ； valuation of ecological system service ； leisure farm ； random utility model