酵素固定化與高分子材料

Enzyme Immobilization and Polymer Material

張憲彰(Hsien-Chang Chang) ； 陳泊余(Po-Yu Chen) ； 鄭阿靜(Ah-Jing Cheng)

《化學》 53卷2期 (1995/06) Pp. 237-243

https://doi.org/10.6623/chem.1995023

摘要

酵素遍存於生物體中，是天然絕佳的觸媒劑。在過去的三十年中生物科技領域，藉化學、光化學以及電化學等方法使酵素固定於不同的載體或基盤上，並可依各酵素的作用特性而設計應用於生物反應器、酵素元件以及生物感測器上。在這些的發展中，各種具導電性、氧化還原性、離子價電性、分子大小選擇性、干擾物阻隔性以及生物適合性的高分子材科於酵素固定時常被配合使用。其結果會促使酵素回去後之機能體系可具重覆使用性外，又可依材料本身形成時特殊的設計，以更符合實際的應用需要。本文為使話題化繁於簡，將會把高分子材料於酵素固定的應用主題凝聚於酵素電極的發展上，依次把電位式與電流式酵素電極製作時所導入的高分子材料，藉物理吸附法、架橋法、共價鍵法、包覆法、共聚合法等處理行要點整理，再就固定酵素於各適當的基材電極上時，各固定法間配合的巧妙之處與優缺點報告之。

並列摘要

Enzymes, nature and omnipresent catalysts, have enormous potential in applying to bioseactors, enzyme devices and btosensors. For the past three decades, many ski1lful strategies have been published for different special purpose s and tried to enhance their performance to be more available in practical use. Among these efforts, polymer material have been often utilized 10 immobilize the enzyme as a role of carrier or mixing compound that may be associated with chemical, photochemical electrochemical method during the preparing processes. Furthermore, we can judge their conductivity, ion charge or molecular size selectivity, interferent inhihition and biocompability and then introduce these materials by their special characteristic into the interfacial system. Trying to simplify the topic of polymer material applied in the technology of enzyme-immobilization, we will focus it on the development of biosensor based on enzyme electrode. On the polymer-used fabrication of potential-, or current-, type enzyme electrode, the polymer materials are usually introduced by physical adsorption, cross-linking, covalent bond, entrapment, copolymization or eletropolymerizaiotn that will be classified and discussed, respectively.