國小高年級生的電視收看行為、同儕活動傾向與同儕關係之相關研究

TV Viewing, Peer Interaction Classification, and ＂Peer Relationships＂ of Children

陳昱憲(Yu-Sian Chen) ； 李佳儒(Jia-Ru Li) ； 羅家玲(Jia-Ling Lo)

《南台人文社會學報》 14期 (2015/11) Pp. 71-103

摘要

同儕在兒童成長中扮演著情感支持和學習楷模的重要角色，而同儕活動可能與同儕關係有關。隨著電視媒體盛行，孩童是常收看的族群之一，所以值得關注收看電視行為、動機、同儕活動型態與同儕關係之關聯。本研究以彰化地區國小高年級學生為調查對象，得有效樣本227份，採用t考驗、卡方考驗、皮爾森積差相關和多元迴歸分析結果如下：1.半數以上兒童每天皆收看電視，以收看一至二小時最多，高於一小時和二至三小時。近半數兒童假日收視時間超過二小時以上。最愛收視類型分別為非格鬥卡通、電影和偶像劇節目。主要收視動機為消遣娛樂、個人認同和蒐集資訊。2.收視類型和同儕關係：兒童偏好電影類和綜藝類節目，且與正向同儕相處呈正相關；偏好格鬥卡通類節目，則與偏差同儕結合呈正相關。3.收視動機和同儕關係：為同儕討論和蒐集資訊而收視的動機，與正向同儕關係呈正相關。為了同儕討論的動機與偏差同儕關係呈正相關。4.同儕活動傾向和同儕關係：用功型傾向和正向同儕關係呈正相關，而衝動型和偏差同儕結交呈正相關，尋求刺激型與正、負向同儕關係呈正相關。5.電視收看行為、同儕活動傾向與同儕關係顯示：收看電影類節目、收視動機非僅是生活習慣，及用功型的同儕活動傾向，對形成正向同儕關係有較佳的解釋力；收看格鬥卡通類節目、為與同儕討論而收看節目和衝動型的同儕活動傾向則對負向同儕關係有較佳的解釋力。最後整體而言電視收視行為、同儕活動傾向與同儕關係彼此相關，研究結果可作為教育與輔導工作的父母、師長之參考，並且成為觀察兒童同儕關係發展的相關指標，進而觀察、培養兒童具有適當的收視動機、時間等良好收視行為，間接可能影響其正向人際關係的內涵與發展。

關鍵字

兒童 ； 同儕關係 ； 同儕活動傾向 ； 電視收看行為

並列摘要

Peer relationships among growing children are important for emotional support and modelling. Peer interaction classifications may be associated with peer relationships. As more TV programs aimed at children are developed, it is important to pay attention to children's TV watching habits and motivations, and how these effect peer interaction and peer relationships. 227 5-6th grade students from Changhua served as the subjects of this study. t-tests, Chi-tests, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regressions were used in our analysis. The findings are as follows: 1. More than 50% Children watch TV every day, and nearly half of Children watch TV more than two hours on holiday Children's favorite programs are non-fighting cartoons, movies and idol dramas. The main motivations given for viewing are recreation, personal identity and collecting information. 2. Prefer watching movies and variety shows are correlated with positive peer relationships (i.e., friendship, peer acceptance); prefer watching ＂fighting cartoons are correlated with negative peer relationships (i.e., isolation, rejected or attachment to deviant peer).＂ 3. Children who watching TV with intention to collect information have more positive peer relations. Interestingly, watching TV for the sake of adding talking topics for friends are both related with positive peer relationship and negative peer relationship. This might be inferred that other variables are necessary be considered together. 4. As to peer interaction classification, positive peer relationships correlate with ＂studying hard＂ and ＂adventure＂; and negative peer relationships correlate with ＂impulse＂ and ＂adventure.＂ 5. Children who are Non-habitual TV viewers, more prefer watching movies, more keep with hard-working friends, have more positive relationship. The result was partly consistent with what Lai and Gwung (2013) found. Children who are more eager to improve conversation topics for friends by watching TV, highly watching fighting cartoons, and make friends who have more impulsive behaviors have more negative peer relationships. The study found that Watching Behavior and peer interaction classification can be the connected indicators for children's interpersonal interactions.

並列關鍵字

children ； peer relationship ； peer interaction classification and TV viewing behavior