社區獨居老人的健康需求、需求滿意度及影響因素探討－以彰化縣某鄉鎮為例

Health needs, needs satisfaction and correlated factors among elderly people living alone in community

吳沄蓁(Yun-Chen Wu) ； 趙淑員(Shu-Yuan Chao)

《弘光學報》 63期 (2011/06) Pp. 44-64

https://doi.org/10.6615/HAR.201106.63.05

摘要

目的：探討社區獨居老人的健康需求、需求滿意度及其影響因素。方法：以立意取樣方式選取彰化縣社會局登記，某鄉鎮之65歲以上社區獨居老人共98位為研究對象。工具包括基本資料、自覺健康狀況量表、健康需求及需求滿意度量表。統計資料方法包括百分比、平均數、標準差、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析及皮爾森積差相關等進行統計分析。結果：（1）社區獨居老人平均年齡為78.91歲、平均獨居時間為9.85年，自述慢性病數目平均3.7種，自覺健康狀況總分偏向中等情形。（2）獨居老人之健康需求中：生理需求以「協助家事服務（如清潔房間，洗衣物）」最為需要，心理與靈性需求以「期望鄰居朋友（或他人）主動關心、陪伴」得分最高，社會需求則以「當您生病需要照顧時，是不是需要有人來幫忙」得分最高。獨居老人之健康需求滿意度中，生理需求滿意度以「協助外出活動或就醫」滿意度最低，心理與靈性需求滿意度以「期望鄰居朋友（或他人）主動關心、陪伴」得分最低。社會需求滿意度得分最低的需求為「當您生病需要照顧時，是不是需要有人來幫忙」。（3）影響健康需求及需求滿意度之相關因素：年齡介於70~74歲、未婚、沒有子女者有較高的社會需求；獨居時間介於5~9年者有較高的生理需求。男性、有儲蓄者有較高的心理與靈性需求滿意度；獨居時間介於1~4年者有較高的生理需求滿意度。本研究結果可協助及早發現高健康需求之獨居老人，以提供適切的照顧，並據此作為政策規劃之參考，營造支持性之社區，使獨居長者能擁有更健康的身體，同時享有尊嚴及高品質的生活。

關鍵字

獨居老人 ； 健康需求 ； 需求滿意度

並列摘要

Objectives: The aim of the study is to evaluate the health needs, needs satisfaction and the influencing factors of the elderly people living alone in community. Methods: The purposive sampling method is used for this study. We recruited the registered 98 elderly people who are older than sixty-five years old and live alone in a community in Changhua as the subjects. Four parts were included in the inventory, those are, demographic characteristics, self perception of health status, health needs, and the degree of needs satisfaction. Percentage, mean, standard deviation, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation analysis were used for data analysis. Results: (1)The target group was around 78.91 years old in average, the mean year of living alone was 9.85, the mean number of chief complaint chronic disease was 3.7, and the score of perceived health status is medium. (2)Health needs of elderly people living: the highest score of physical needs is 'housekeeping (e.g. cleaning the house, laundry)'; the highest score of psycho-spiritual needs is 'care from friends or/and neighbors'; the highest score of social needs is 'some help from others when you're sick' . Health needs satisfaction of elderly people living: the lowest score of physical needs satisfaction is 'activity or medical treatment to help out'; the lowest score of psycho-spiritual needs satisfaction is 'care from friends or/and neighbors'; the lowest score of social needs satisfaction is 'some help from others when you're sick'. (3)Influencing factors of health needs and needs satisfaction: 70-74 years old, unmarried and childless elderly people, had higher score of social needs. Who live alone for 5-9 years had higher score of physical needs. Elderly male people with savings had higher score of psycho-spiritual needs. Elderly people living alone between 1-4 years had higher score of physical needs satisfaction. The result of this study provides to find out the elderly people who live alone and provides suitable care. It also can provide references for the future policies and long-term care. By gathering information, we can build a supportive community, provide them with good healthcare and enable them to achieve healthier life with more dignity and better life quality.

並列關鍵字

elderly people living alone ； health needs ； need satisfaction

參考文獻

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